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주요국의 서비스 개방수준 차이가 무역에 미치는 영향 (The Difference in the Level of Services Liberalization and its Impact on Servces Trade)

Author

Listed:
  • Kim , Jong Duk

    (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)

  • Sung , Hankyoung

    (University of Seoul)

Abstract

Korean Abstract: 본 연구는 OECD 국가를 중심으로 서비스 분야의 개방과 이에 따른 경제적 영향 분석을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여 중력모형과 연산가능일반균형모형을 분석 도구로 사용하였으며, 서비스 개방을 나타내는 주요 변수로 OECD 서비스무역제한지수를 포함하였다. 본 연구를 통해 다음과 같은 네가지 시사점을 도출하였다. 첫째, 서비스무역제한지수를 구성하는 다섯 가지 정책 범주별 구성 비중을 분석한 결과, 서비스 무역의 제한에서 시장진입과 관련된 정책 범주와 인력이동 관련 정책 범주의 구성 비중이 높게 나타났다. 다시 말해, 다른 제한사항에 비해 시장접근에 대한 제한사항이 지속적으로 높게 유지되고 있었다. 둘째, 대부분의 서비스 분야에서 국가간 규제 이질성이 상당히 높게 나타났다. 서비스 분야의 제도나 법률은 완전한 철폐를 목적으로 하지 않으며, 따라서 서비스 분야의 무역비용을 줄이는 효과적인 방법 중 하나는 국가간 규제의 차이를 합리적으로 조화하는 것이라고 하겠다. \셋째, 중력모형을 이용해 분석한 결과, 흥미롭게도 정책 범주별로는 외국에 대한 시장접근이나 인력이동 관련 제한 사항보다 국내의 경쟁정책이나 행정적 부담 및 정책투명성 등이 서비스 무역에 상대적으로 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 서비스 분야 제한사항의 작은 부분을 차지하고 있음에도 이와 같은 국내 정책 범주의 제한수준 개선이 서비스 무역에 미치는 영향은 상대적으로 더 크다는 것을 시사하였다. 넷째, 축차동태 GTAP 모형을 통해 TiSA (Trade in Services Agreement) 시나리오를 사용하여 서비스 분야의 제한수준 개선과 개방의 확대가 GDP 변화에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 한국을 비롯한 대부분 관심 국가의 실질 GDP가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 그러한 변화는 선진국보다 개발도상국과 신흥개발국을 중심으로 더욱 두드러진 모습을 보였다. 산업별로도 생산의 변화가 다르게 나타나는데, 선진국을 제외한 여타 국가의 제조업 생산 증가가 상대적으로 크게 나타났다. English Abstract: This study looks at the current level of liberalization in services sectors among the OECD members and investigates the impacts of services liberalization on trade and GDP growth. In doing so, the gravity model and computable general equilibrium model are applied for the analytical work and the services trade restrictiveness index (STRI) developed by the OECD is included as an indicator for the liberalization of services sectors. This research provides four main outcomes as follows. First, the barriers in the services sectors consist mainly of the restrictions related to foreign entry and the movement of people among five policy areas of the STRI. In other words, measures on market access have been kept and remained more persistently than other measures. Second, the extensive differences in regulations and restrictions across countries are found in most services sectors. Since services trade liberalization does not mean the complete abolition of regulations or restrictions in services, one of the effective ways to reduce trade costs in services is to reasonably harmonize the regulatory differences across countries. Third, the empirical analysis using the gravity model provides an interesting outcome that domestic policy areas such as barriers to competition in public sectors or regulatory consistency and transparency have a relatively larger impact on trade than other policy areas such as restrictions on foreign entry or movement of people. Notwithstanding the domestic policy areas account less for the restrictions in services sectors, the empirical result implies that the regulatory reforms in those areas have a larger economic impact. Fourth, the CGE analysis using GTAP based on the TiSA (Trade in Services Agreement) scenario provides the outcome that further services liberalization lead most economies to grow faster in terms of GDP. Especially, relatively faster growth is identified in developing and emerging economies rather than advanced economies. Moreover, the output growth in manufacturing sectors in developing and emerging economies is more significant than in advanced economies as well.

Suggested Citation

  • Kim , Jong Duk & Sung , Hankyoung, 2015. "주요국의 서비스 개방수준 차이가 무역에 미치는 영향 (The Difference in the Level of Services Liberalization and its Impact on Servces Trade)," Policy Analyses 15-6, Korea Institute for International Economic Policy.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:kieppa:2015_006
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    Keywords

    Trade Barrier; Trade Policy;

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