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러시아의 극동 · 바이칼 지역 개발과 한국의 대응방안 (Russia's Development of the Far East and the Baikal Region and Korea's Countermeasures)

Author

Listed:
  • Jeh , Sung Hoon

    (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)

  • Min , Jiyoung

    (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)

  • Kang , Boogyun

    (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)

  • Lukonin , Sergey

    (Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences)

Abstract

Korean Abstract: 정부 부처로 극동개발부(Ministry for Development of Russian Far East)를 설립한 데 이어, 2013년 3월 국가 프로그램 ‘극동‧바이칼 지역 사회경제 발전(Socio-Economic Development of the Far East and the Baikal Region)’을 채택하고, 2014년 4월 다시 이를 전면 개정하는 등 극동‧바이칼 지역 개발을 전례 없이 적극적으로 추진하고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 극동‧바이칼 지역의 지정‧지경학적 의미를 고려하면서 3기 푸틴 정부의 해당 지역 개발정책을 체계적으로 분석하고, 구체적인 정책적 대응방안을 제시하는 데 있다. 극동‧바이칼 지역은 지정학적 측면에서 전략적 불안정이 존재하는 동북아와 인접한 안보적 취약지대이자, 러시아를 동북아의 지정학적 과정에 연루시키는 연결고리이다. 또 지경학적 측면에서는 역동적으로 발전하고 있는 동북아‧아태 지역과 인접한 저발전지대이자, 풍부한 천연자원을 보유하고 있는 유라시아 대륙 횡단 교통‧물류망의 요지이다. 따라서 이 지역의 개발은 다음과 같은 지정‧지경학적 의미가 있다. 첫째, 러시아의 입장에서는 유라시아 강대국의 지위를 강화하고, 러시아 전체의 지속적 경제 발전을 위한 신(新)성장동력을 확보한다는 의미가 있다. 둘째, 한국의 입장에서는 러시아와의 지정학적 협력기회를 확대하고, 영토 밖의 신성장공간 조성가능성을 제공한다는 의미가 있다. 3기 푸틴 정부의 극동‧바이칼 지역 개발정책은 크게 ‘계획(프로그램)’ 차원과 ‘제도적 메커니즘’ 차원으로 구분할 수 있다. 첫째, ‘계획(프로그램)’ 차원에서는 2009년 확정된 ‘2025년까지 극동‧바이칼 지역 사회경제 발전전략’에 기초하면서도, 2013년 3월 확정되고 2014년 4월 전면 개정된 국가 프로그램 ‘극동‧바이칼 지역 사회경제 발전’을 중심으로 전개되고 있다. 이와 관련하여 기존에 수행되던 연방 목적 프로그램 2개를 포함한 총 3개의 하부 프로그램(하부 프로그램 ‘국가 프로그램 ‘극동‧바이칼 지역 사회경제 발전’ 수행 보장 및 기타 국토 균형발전조치’, 연방 목적 프로그램 ‘2018년까지 극동‧바이칼 지역 경제사회 발전’, 연방 목적 프로그램 ‘2007~15년 쿠릴 열도(사할린 주) 사회경제 발전’)이 수행되고 있다. 둘째, 제도적 메커니즘 차원에서는 ① 극동개발부 설립과 권한 확대, 극동 연방관구 대통령 전권대표의 연방정부 부총리 겸직 등 연방 거버넌스 변화 ② 기존에 설립된 (주)극동‧바이칼 지역 개발펀드 외에 (주)달니 보스토크, 극동 투자유치‧수출지원청, 인적자본개발청 설립 등 극동 개발 관련 기구 설립 ③ 조세특혜법 제정, 14개 선도사회경제개발구역 조성, 마가단 주 특별경제지대 기간 연장, 블라디보스토크 ‘산업‧생산’ 특별경제지대 조성 등 특혜적 법‧제도 도입으로 전개되고 있다. English Abstract: Soon after Vladimir Putin secured his third term as Russian president, the Russian government established for the first time the Ministry for the Development of the Russian Far East in May 2012. In addition, a national program called the 'Socio-Economic Development of the Far East and the Baikal Region' was adopted in March 2013. Then the program was completely revised and transformed in 2014. From this one can witness Russia's unprecedented interests in developing the Far East and the Baikal region. This study systematically analyzes the development of the Far East and the Baikal region and presents detailed policy responses while taking into account the geopolitical and geoeconomic significance of the region. The security situation in the Russian Far East and the Baikal region remains fragile due to their close proximity to Northeast Asia which exhibits a degree of strategic instability. In addition, these regions represent links that connect Russia to Northeast Asia geopolitically. From a geo-economic perspective, the Far East and Baikal region are viewed as underdeveloped areas located close to rapidly growing Northeast Asia and the Asia-Pacific area, in addition to being resource-abundant regions. The development of the Far East and the Baikal Region has several geopolitical and geoeconomic significance as follows. First, from the Russian perspective, it can strengthen the role of Russia as a Eurasian superpower and become a new growth engine for the sustainable economic future of Russia. Second, from Korea’s standpoint, the region is important in that it can be a medium for enhancing opportunities to engage in geopolitical cooperation with Russia and build a new growth base outside the national territory. Russia's development policy can be divided into two aspects: the 'plan (program)' and 'institutional mechanism'. First, the 'plan(program)' is essentially based on the 'Strategy for the Socio-economic Development of the Far East and the Baikal region until 2005' which is in accordance with the government program that was adopted in March 2013, and revised in April 2014 called 'Socio-Economic Development of the Far East and the Baikal region'. Regarding this 'plan (program)', three sub-programs which include two existing federal target programs are currently being implemented. Second, 'institutional mechanism' is identified with implementation of preferential law and institution. The details are as follows: 1) the establishment of the Ministry of the Far East Development and expansion of its authority, 2) in addition to the already-existing 'OJSC Far East and Baikal Region Development Fund', formation of 'Dalny Vostok', 'Agency for Investment Attraction and Export Support in the Russian Far East', and 'Agency for Human Resource Development' followed to promote expansion in the Far East related institutions, and 3) enactment of preferential tariff law, establishment of 14 'zone of advanced socio-economic development', extension of the time period for Special Economic Zone in Magadan Oblast, and the formation of Vladivostok 'Industrial-production' Special Economic zone.

Suggested Citation

  • Jeh , Sung Hoon & Min , Jiyoung & Kang , Boogyun & Lukonin , Sergey, 2014. "러시아의 극동 · 바이칼 지역 개발과 한국의 대응방안 (Russia's Development of the Far East and the Baikal Region and Korea's Countermeasures)," Policy Analyses 14-23, Korea Institute for International Economic Policy.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:kieppa:2014_023
    DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2621316
    Note: Downloadable document is in Korean.
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