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중국의 동북지역 개발과 신북방경제협력의 여건 (Development of China's Northeast Region and Korea's New Northern Economic Cooperation)

Author

Listed:
  • Won , Dong Wook

    (Dong-A University)

  • Kang , Seungho

    (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)

  • Lee , Hong Gyoo

    (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)

  • Kim , Changdo

    (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)

Abstract

Korean Abstract: 동북지역은 과거 중화인민공화국 수립 초기 구(舊)소련이 지원했던 대형 중화학공업 프로젝트와 정부주도의 중공업 우선전략을 기반으로 계획경제 시기 중국 공업생산을 주도하는 핵심적 역할을 수행하였으나, 개혁개방 이후 동남 연해지역 중심의 발전전략에 따라 국유기업 위주의 낙후된 경제구조에서 벗어나지 못했다. 하지만 후진타오-원자바오 4세대 지도부의 출범 이후 균형적 국가발전계획 추진에 따라 '동북진흥전략'이 수립되었다. 이에 따라 체제와 메커니즘의 혁신, 시장기능과 정부직능의 관계 조정, 신흥공업화 전략 등을 통해 동북지역은 중국경제의 새로운 성장거점으로 부상하였고, 적극적 대외개방과 초국경 연계협력의 확대를 통해 동북아 경제통합의 주요 전략거점으로 성장하고 있다. 이러한 동북지역의 본격적 개발붐과 대외개방의 확대 및 관련 국가간 초국경 개발협력의 본격적인 진행과정은 2013년 5세대 지도부로의 권력승계를 통해 앞으로도 별다른 변화 없이 지속될 전망이다. 이는 우리나라 신정부 국정과제인 ‘한반도 신뢰프로세스’를 통한 남북관계 정상화는 물론, 신북방 경제협력의 중요한 양자간‧다자간 플랫폼을 제공하고 있다고 할 수 있다. 또한 그간 정책적 불일치로 인해 후퇴국면을 걸어왔던 한‧중관계에 새로운 전환을 이끌어낼 계기를 제공해준다고 할 수 있다. 실제로 남북한 양자간 경제협력 추진의 제한성과 불안정성을 극복하기 위해서는 이러한 초국경 개발협력에 적극 참여하는 것이 필요하며, 북한에 대한 일정한 영향력을 보유하고 있는 중국, 러시아 등과 다자간 협력을 위한 플랫폼을 구축함으로써 남북관계에 새로운 전환을 추동해야 할 것이다. 또한 동북지역의 본격적 개발과 구조조정, 산업구조 고도화 등의 계기를 적극 활용함으로써 북방경제의 활성화를 통한 국가경제의 새로운 성장동력을 확보할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. English Abstract: Northeast China played a key role as China's major industrial base during PRC’s early years and planned economy period. Recent years, however, have seen Northeast China's heavy-industry-based economy stagnate since the initiation of reform and open-up policies. To counter this problem, the Hu Jintao government established 'Northeast Development Strategy' in accordance with the concept of balanced national development. As a result, Northeast region has emerged as a new growth pole through the innovation of system and mechanism, adjustment of the functional relationship between market and the government, and the new plan for industrialization. In addition, the region has been growing as a major strategic base for economic integration in Northeast Asia, through active opening-up and cross-border cooperation. With the succession of the 'fifth generation' of leadership, the Xi Jinping government seems determined to sustain pursuit of this strategy. This does not only provide us with bilateral and multilateral platforms for normalizing inter-Korean relations and promoting new northern economic cooperation, but also gives impetus to renewal of Sino-Korean relations which has regressed owing to political disagreements. We should take part in the cross-border cooperation which has been in Northeast China, not only to overcome the limitations in and instability of economic cooperation between two Koreas, but also to bring about change in inter-Korean relations through building multilateral cooperative platforms with China and Russia, which retained a fair amount of influence over North Korea. In conclusion, we can operate new growth engines of national economy through revitalization of the northern economy, based on development and enhancement of industrial structures in Northeast China. China has already put its visions of a Northeast Asian economic community into practice through the ‘Northeast Development Strategy' and cross-border development. In this regard, we now stand at a crossroads where we should propose our own New Northern Economic Cooperation plan that accords with China's plan. A corresponding strategy for the future does not only take into account the negative aspects of a China-led cross-border cooperation, but also constitutes wise preemptive response by anticipating geoeconomic change in this region. In other words, we should seek closer cooperative relations with Russia which expresses concern over 'sinicization of the Far Eastern Region' and restore economic relations with North Korea. We must take part in China-led cross-border cooperation with North Korea for the short term, yet thereafter secure a balance in the Northeast Asian economic community by gradual transition from a China-led bilateral cooperation system to a trilateral or multilateral cooperation system including Mongolia, Russia, Japan, and the US in the medium and long term.

Suggested Citation

  • Won , Dong Wook & Kang , Seungho & Lee , Hong Gyoo & Kim , Changdo, 2013. "중국의 동북지역 개발과 신북방경제협력의 여건 (Development of China's Northeast Region and Korea's New Northern Economic Cooperation)," Policy Analyses 13-14, Korea Institute for International Economic Policy.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:kieppa:2013_014
    DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2467298
    Note: Downloadable document is in Korean.
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