회복탄력성 관점에서 바라본 개발도상국의 기후변화 대응 과제와 협력 방안(Reframing Climate Resilience in Development Cooperation: Concepts, Measurement, and Policy Directions for Korea)

기후위기가 전 세계적으로 심화되고 개발도상국의 취약성과 대응역량 간 격차가 확대되는 상황에서 ‘회복탄력성(resilience)’은 국제개발협력의 핵심 개념으로 부상하고 있으나, 실제 정책･사업 전반에서 회복탄력성이 정교하게 개념화되거나 체계적으로 적용되지 못하고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 문제의식을 바탕으로 ‘기후 회복탄력성(climate resilience)’의 개념을 개발협력 맥락에서 체계적으로 재정립하고, 기후 회복탄력성의 측정 방법과 국제사회의 접근 방식, 한국 ODA의 현황과 제약을 종합적으로 분석하였다. 이를 통해 한국의 개발협력에 실질적으로 적용 가능한 구조적･제도적 개선 방안을 제시하는 데 중점을 두었다. As climate change intensifies globally, developing countries face increasingly complex and compounding challenges. Widening gaps between their exposure to climate risks and their capacity to respond threaten to reverse decades of development gains and undermine sustainable development pathways. In this context, 'climate resilience' has emerged as a central concept in development cooperation, encompassing not only the capacity to withstand climate shocks but also the ability to adapt and pursue transformative change in response to long-term climate stress. Despite its growing prominence in international discourse, however, the concept has not been sufficiently translated into operational frameworks and measurable practices. Within Korea's ODA system in particular, climate resilience has yet to be systematically developed as an analytical and operational framework: it frequently appears in policy language and project titles without being meaningfully embedded in strategic design, results frameworks, or performance management. This conceptual ambiguity limits the effectiveness of climate resilience investments and undermines accountability for results.