U.S. Operations Against OIC Economies Since the Tripoli War (1801–2024): A Comprehensive Analysis of Military, Corporate, and Intelligence Interventions and Their Global Impacts

This paper is the first version that provides a systematic historical analysis of U.S. operations targeting Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) economies from the Tripolitan War (1801–1805) to 2024. Using a multi-disciplinary approach, it examines how military, corporate, financial, and intelligence actors have shaped U.S. foreign policy to exploit, destabilize, and control OIC economies for strategic and economic dominance. The study integrates archival research, declassified documents, corporate histories, intelligence reports, and case studies to trace the evolution of U.S. interventionism across five key phases: 1. The Barbary Wars (1801–1815): The origins of U.S. naval dominance and early economic warfare. 2. Ottoman Empire Penetration (19th Century): Trade agreements, financial imperialism, and cultural influence. 3. Oil Imperialism (Early 20th Century): The Red Line Agreement, ARAMCO, and corporate control over Middle Eastern oil. 4. Cold War Interventions (1945–1991): Coups, sanctions, and proxy wars (e.g., Iran, Guatemala, Indonesia, Afghanistan). 5. Post-9/11 Era (1991–2024): The War on Terror, drone strikes, regime change, and economic warfare (e.g., Iraq, Libya, Syria, Yemen). Chapter 6, a new addition, analyzes every U.S. president from Thomas Jefferson to Biden and beyond, demonstrating how presidential decision-making has perpetuated cycles of intervention, exploitation, and destabilization. The analysis reveals continuities and shifts in U.S. strategy, highlighting the moral, political, and social consequences of these operations, including human rights violations, economic underdevelopment, and geopolitical instability. The findings underscore the need for reassessing U.S. foreign policy in the Islamic world through the lenses of ethics, international law, and global justice.