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Зона франка КФА: привязка к евро и волатильность номинального эффективного обменного курса в WAEMU и CEMAC Воспроизведение исследования Ngouana (2012) и расширение анализа на WAEMU и CEMAC, 1980–2024 гг
[The CFA Franc Zone: Euro Peg and Nominal Effective Exchange Rate Volatility in WAEMU and CEMAC Replication of Ngouana (2012) and Extension to WAEMU and CEMAC, 1980-2024]

Author

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  • Salouo-Mvondo, Armand

Abstract

Режимы франка КФА обычно описываются как стабильные, поскольку франк Африканского финансового сообщества, используемый в Западноафриканском экономическом и валютном союзе (WAEMU), и франк Финансового сотрудничества в Центральной Африке, используемый в Экономическом и валютном сообществе Центральной Африки (CEMAC), поддерживают фиксированный паритет к евро. В статье рассматривается, что именно стабилизируется, если учитывать меняющуюся внешнюю экспозицию WAEMU и CEMAC. Разграничиваются двусторонняя номинальная стабильность, стабильность внутренних цен, стабильность номинального и реального эффективного обменного курса, финансовая стабильность и институциональное доверие; эмпирический анализ сосредоточен на одном измерении — волатильности номинального эффективного обменного курса (НЭОК). Ngouana (2012) показал для WAEMU, что в 2001–2010 гг. НЭОК был примерно вдвое более волатильным при привязке к евро, чем при контрфактической привязке к специальным правам заимствования (СДР). В настоящей статье проводится проверяемое воспроизведение с использованием унифицированной конвенции измерения курсов на конец месяца, анализ продлевается до 2024 г., а тот же подход применяется к CEMAC. Расширенный набор партнёров выбирается эмпирически, а доверительные интервалы получаются с помощью парного циклического бутстрэпа скользящих блоков. За 2001–2024 гг. отношение стандартных отклонений евро/СДР составляет 2,00 для WAEMU и 3,05 для CEMAC. Расчёт по двум временным конвенциям показывает, что переход от среднемесячных значений к наблюдениям на конец месяца изменяет величину отношения не более чем на 23% в зависимости от зоны и временного интервала, ни разу не снижая его ниже единицы. Результат также сохраняется при стресс-тестах доминирующего долларового фактурирования и при использовании лагированных, предопределённых и фиксированных торговых весов. Эти проверки остаются расчётными контрфактическими сценариями частичного равновесия и не выявляют равновесных последствий принятия иного режима. Поэтому результаты не определяют оптимальную якорную валюту. Они показывают, что обычное описание франка КФА как «стабильного» относится прежде всего к двусторонней номинальной стабильности относительно евро и без дополнительных оговорок не может распространяться на многостороннюю внешнюю валютную позицию.

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JEL classification:

  • F31 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Exchange
  • F33 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
  • O55 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Africa

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