Islamic Governance and Modern Diplomacy; A comparative study of Foreign Policy in Contemporary OIC Nations

This review paper explores the intersection of traditional Islamic governance principles and modern diplomatic practices within Contemporary Muslim-majority nations, specifically focusing on select members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperatio (OIC) such as Qatar,Saudi Arabia ,and Malaysia.In an increasingly globalized world ,these nations are unique in their attempts, to synthesize classical Islamic concepts of statecraft -such as Shura( Consulation),Adalah(justice)and. Amanah(trust) with contemporary international relations frameworks.The study utilizes a comparative qualitative methodology to examine how these countries employ soft power economic diplomacy, and international mediation to advance their foreign policy objectives while maintaining their Islamic identity Special attention is given to Qatar's role as a global mediator Saudi Arabia's diplomatic leadership within the Arab-Islamic world,and Malaysia''s progressive approaches to Islamic economy and diplomacy.The preliminary findings suggest that Islamic governance principles do not contradict modern diplomacy;rather ,they provide a engagement, dispute resolution and international cooperation .This. paper contributes to the broader academic discourse on non-western international relations theories and offers valuable insights for policy makers and researchers interested in Middle Eastern Politics ,Islamic Political Systems ,and Global diplomacy.