Mapping Barriers to Agro-Waste Circularity: SLR-based WINGS Analysis

As agriculture confronts mounting pressure to enhance sustainability and resource efficiency, circular bioeconomy (CBE) practices—particularly the reuse of agro-waste—offer a promising solution. However, widespread implementation remains hindered by numerous barriers that are not yet fully understood in their interconnections and influence. This study investigates these challenges through a systematic literature review (SLR) and an expert-based Weighted Influence Non-linear Gauge System (WINGS) analysis. The SLR identifies and categorises critical supply- and demand-side barriers, while the WINGS approach evaluates their relative strength and influence. Key barriers include the lack of government regulations and incentives, limited knowledge and skills for effective agro-waste reuse, and an underdeveloped market for bio-based products. These barriers exhibit strong causal relationships, indicating their central role in delaying CBE adoption. By revealing the interdependencies among barriers, the study provides a structured roadmap for policymakers and stakeholders to prioritise interventions. The findings underscore the need for coordinated policy support, capacity-building initiatives, and market development strategies to accelerate sustainable agro-waste reuse in agriculture.