مسایل بانکداری بدون بهره در تجربه ایران[Challenges of Islamic banking in Iran]

Islamic banking in Iran has undergone significant development since its formal adoption following the 1979 Revolution, yet it continues to face structural, regulatory, and operational challenges. This paper critically examines the key obstacles hindering the effective implementation of Sharia-compliant financial practices in Iran’s banking system. In Iran, Islamic banking faces significant operational challenges. In resource mobilization, the use of provisional profit or profit on account (Sood ‘Ali Al-Hisab) often functions like guaranteed interest, undermining Sharia compliance. In resource allocation, issues such as fictitious invoices, sham promissory notes, and misappropriation of funds—exacerbated by asymmetric information between banks and borrowers—create moral hazard and violate contract principles. Additional challenges include inefficient profit calculation methods, inadequate organizational structures, bureaucratic delays, lengthy financing procedures, and the coexistence of dual banking practices. These factors collectively hinder the effectiveness and credibility of Islamic banking in Iran.