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El irrealismo en la Economía estándar: el supuesto de los rendimientos decrecientes de escala, como caso paradigmático
[Unrealism in mainstream economics: the assumption of decreasing returns to scale, as paradigmatic]

Author

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  • Vergés-Jaime, Joaquim

Abstract

En la economía académicamente dominante el paradigma del equilibrio general de mercados competitivos (EG) juega un papel fundamental. Aunque los manuales y textos de referencia dediquen páginas a hablar de, por ejemplo, el equilibrio en el duopolio, el marco de referencia es en el fondo el del paradigma del EG. Éste se basa fundamentalmente en la teoría neoclásica de la producción: teoría de la empresa y los costes, y de los mercados resultantes; además de en otros constructos (homo economicus, información perfecta, etc.). Y a su vez, la teoría neoclásica de la producción se sustenta en el axioma de los rendimientos decrecientes de escala en la producción de cualquier bien. En el presente artículo se expone un análisis de dicho axioma y de los supuestos, generalmente implícitos, en los que se basa; y, como tema central, se pone de manifiesto que las abrumadoras evidencias empíricas que ofrece la observación de nuestras economías de mercado no sustentan en absoluto dicho axioma y supuestos. Ni por tanto el modelo explicativo del EG, ni las implicaciones normativas de tal paradigma. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In academic mainstream economics, the paradigm of the general equilibrium of competitive markets (GE) plays a fundamental role. Although textbooks and reference texts devote pages to talk about, for example, duopoly’s equilibrium, the frame of reference is basically that of the GE paradigm; which is based fundamentally on the neoclassical theory of production: a theory of the firm and its costs, prices determination, and of the resulting markets, as well as on other constructs (homo economicus, perfect information, etc.). And, in turn, this neoclassical theory of production relies on the axiom of the decreasing returns to scale in the production of any product or service. This paper presents an analysis of such axiom and of the assumptions, usually implicit, on which they rely; and, as a central topic, it shows that the overwhelming empirical evidence offered by the observation of our market economies does not support this axiom and deductive assumptions at all. Neither therefore the GE’s explanatory model, nor the normative implications of such a paradigm.

Suggested Citation

  • Vergés-Jaime, Joaquim, 2023. "El irrealismo en la Economía estándar: el supuesto de los rendimientos decrecientes de escala, como caso paradigmático [Unrealism in mainstream economics: the assumption of decreasing returns to sc," MPRA Paper 119890, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:119890
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Mainstream Economics and empirical testing; Assumptions and axioms in Economics; Socio-political implications of Economics; The traditional assumption of ‘decreasing returns to scale’.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • A10 - General Economics and Teaching - - General Economics - - - General
    • D01 - Microeconomics - - General - - - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles
    • D21 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Firm Behavior: Theory
    • D22 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis
    • D40 - Microeconomics - - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design - - - General

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