台北盆地的夏季風紋與溫度分佈初探 Exploring Wind and Temperature Distribution of Taipei Basin in Summer

本研究探討台北盆地夏季的風場、溫度變化並提出相對應的土地規劃策略，以期了解盆地都市發展區的自然通風機制，為都市高溫減緩和風廊指認…等提供科學證據參考。本文彙整2011至2020年間，台北盆地及周遭地區共28個中央氣象局地面測量氣象站的夏季風向、風速和溫度資訊，透過描述統計、風瑰圖製作以及空間分析將風紋、溫度分布與地理特徵進行視覺化的呈現。結果顯示，夏季盛行風受海陸循環和地形的交互作用影響，在大部分地區以東風出現的機率為最高，但各地在風向、風速上都存在時空差異。盆地北側淡水河周遭有明顯的海陸風轉換現象；淡水河以西有局部輻合的風場特徵；而盆地南側則受到較顯著的南風影響。溫度分析顯示，下風處的蘆洲、社子、石牌一帶是夏季高溫盤據的地區。據此，建議城市氣候規劃考量盆地通風機制的整體性並針對區域風紋調整開發強度、劃設風廊及開放空間：對於上風處地土地使用與熱氣排放也需要有所管制，避免高溫風險轉嫁至下風處。This study explores the variation of wind field and air temperature of Taipei Basin in summer, thereby proposes corresponding land planning strategies. It aims to understand the mechanism of natural ventilation of the urban development areas inside the basin so as to inform urban heat mitigation and wind corridor designation with scientific evidence. This paper adopts wind direction, wind speed and temperature between 2011 and 2020 summer from 28 weather stations across the space of Taipei Basin. Through descriptive statistics, wind rose making and spatial analyses, this study visualises the spatial pattern of wind and temperature against topography. The result shows, the dominant wind in summer is influenced by the interaction of sea-land circulation and terrain. Eastern is the dominant wind direction for the most areas, but there are spatial-temporal differences on wind direction and speed. Sea-land wind was obvious around northern basin near the Tam-shui river; convergence pattern was found on the west side of the Tam-shui river; and southern basin have more frequent southern wind. The result of temperature analysis showed that the downwind area, such as Luzhou, Shezi, and Shipai, are subjected to high summer temperature. Accordingly, this study suggests considering ventilation mechanism of Taipei basin as a whole system and adjusting development intensity, allocating wind corridors and open spaces based on specific local wind pattern. It is also necessary to control land use and heat emission at upwind areas to avoid transferring heat risk to downwind areas.