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Explainable Artificial Intelligence and Ethical Dilemmas in Smart Cities: Surveillance, Discrimination and Algorithmic Opacity

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  • Barbosa, Marco Antônio Dias
  • Uzêda, Hélder Castro
  • Martins, Joberto S. B. Prof. Dr.

    (Salvador University - UNIFACS)

  • de Menezes, José Euclimar Xavier

Abstract

The study analyzes the ethical limits of integrating artificial intelligence into smart cities. AI enables the optimization of urban services, such as transportation, security, and environmental management, but involves the massive collection of data and the automation of decisions that affect citizens. The problem investigated is the ethical dilemmas related to privacy, transparency, and algorithmic discrimination. Through a qualitative exploratory perspective, the aim is to discuss the role of artificial intelligence in the development of smart cities, exploring the limits and justifications for decision-making in ethical and explainable AI models. The results indicate that although such models contribute to creating a more equitable and responsible urban environment, the justification for certain machine choices is still shrouded in algorithmic opacity. In the meantime, it is concluded that the adoption of explainable AI can be a tool for transparency and security in decisions in smart cities but does not exempt the need to adopt other criteria to justify certain choices.

Suggested Citation

  • Barbosa, Marco Antônio Dias & Uzêda, Hélder Castro & Martins, Joberto S. B. Prof. Dr. & de Menezes, José Euclimar Xavier, 2025. "Explainable Artificial Intelligence and Ethical Dilemmas in Smart Cities: Surveillance, Discrimination and Algorithmic Opacity," SocArXiv hypaj_v1, Center for Open Science.
    • Handle: RePEc:osf:socarx:hypaj_v1
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/hypaj_v1
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