Соотношение финансового и реального секторов как драйверов развития экономики: систематизация теоретических моделей в рамках 9-слойной схемы системы разделения труда // The Relationship between the Financial and Real Sectors as Drivers of Economic Development: Systematization of Theoretical Models within a Nine-Layer Scheme of the Division of Labor

This meta-research is devoted to the systematization and conceptual comparison of key economic concepts that consider either the real sector and technological innovation, the financial sector, or state institutions as the fundamental drivers of economic development. Comparing traditional models is complicated by the fact that most authors focus on individual factors, ignoring complex interrelated relationships. To overcome this limitation, nine-layer scheme of the division of labor of Petr Shchedrovitsky is used as an integrative analytical framework, encompassing levels from natural resources and production technologies to knowledge accumulation institutions and monetary systems. The study spatially visualizes the theoretical perspectives of Karl Marx, R. Hilferding, V. Lenin, J. Keynes, H. Minsky, J. Schumpeter, and C. Perez, as well as those of Latin American structuralism, Japanese "knowledge capitalism," and the Chinese school of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Positioning these concepts on a single map allows us to demonstrate their mutual complementarity at different phases of technological and financial cycles and lay the foundations for the synthesis of a comprehensive socioeconomic theory. The study also identified four main phases of technological and economic cycles, during each of which the role of the financial sector shifts from stimulating to destructive. It is shown that state and national-institutional mechanisms (the Chinese model, the Japanese J-firm) are capable of blocking the speculative separation of the ninth layer from the real sector.