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Environmental Impact Assessment Procedure: Nigeria as a Case Study

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  • Ezeofor, Vivian Kaife

Abstract

This article comprehensively examines the legal, institutional and procedural dimensions of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) framework in Nigeria. It elucidates on the progression of EIA practices from early petroleum-related regulations to the formal enactment of the Environmental Impact Assessment Act in 1992 and the subsequent 2021 Procedures and Charges Regulation. The article maps out key procedural stages of EIA, this includes the screening, scoping, documentation, decision-making, and monitoring stages. On that premise, it analyzes their effectiveness and further discusses the enforcement and oversight roles of institutions such as NESREA and FMENV in the EIA procedure and facilitating sustainable development. It further demonstrate Nigeria’s considerable alignment with global environmental standards but reveals profound concerns with the overlapping of agency functions, inadequate public participation, outdated legislation, and corporate non-compliance. The article contends that while Nigeria’s EIA framework has significant potential, effective implementation, regulatory reform, and public engagement are pertinent for realizing its environmental sustainability goals.

Suggested Citation

  • Ezeofor, Vivian Kaife, 2025. "Environmental Impact Assessment Procedure: Nigeria as a Case Study," SocArXiv 95ahw_v1, Center for Open Science.
    • Handle: RePEc:osf:socarx:95ahw_v1
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/95ahw_v1
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