Neoindustrialização: uma análise comparativa entre Austrália, Reino Unido e Brasil

The paper comparatively analyzes neo-industrialization policies in Australia, the United Kingdom, and Brazil – countries that have experienced distinct patterns of deindustrialization: hybrid, conventional, and premature/negative, respectively. In Australia, noteworthy programs include the National Innovation and Science Agenda (NISA) and the Modern Manufacturing Strategy (MMS); in the UK, the Industrial Strategy and the Plan for Growth; and in Brazil, the Nova Indústria Brasil Plan (NIB). The research adopts a comparative cross-case approach based on maximum variation sampling, combining document analysis, literature review, and qualitative and quantitative data from primary and secondary sources. The central hypothesis is that, despite structural and institutional differences, all three countries are advancing active industrial policies aimed at rebuilding their productive base. The study argues that expanding, integrating, and sophisticating industrial structures are strategic elements for economic development, capable of generating skilled jobs, strengthening the domestic market, and driving innovation. It concludes that neo-industrialization, far from being an outdated debate, represents a concrete response to contemporary crises – such as the pandemic, climate emergency, and trade wars – and that the State plays a decisive role in this process, particularly by mobilizing investments, coordinating policies, and inducing structural transformations. It is, therefore, a political project, not a spontaneous market outcome.