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Global energy and fertilizer dependencies via the Strait of Hormuz

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  • Huynh, Benjamin
  • Koenecke, Allison

Abstract

The Strait of Hormuz is a critical maritime chokepoint, with concerns of disruption arising from conflict. We quantify trade dependencies across 172 countries, finding 19.6% [95% Interpercentile Interval: 17.4, 21.8] of global fossil fuel trade transits the strait, and that lower income countries are disproportionately dependent on Hormuz-sourced fertilizer. Countries doubly dependent on Hormuz-sourced energy and fertilizer face pre-existing humanitarian crises, indicating global structural vulnerability.

Suggested Citation

  • Huynh, Benjamin & Koenecke, Allison, 2026. "Global energy and fertilizer dependencies via the Strait of Hormuz," SocArXiv 4v3b9_v1, Center for Open Science.
    • Handle: RePEc:osf:socarx:4v3b9_v1
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/4v3b9_v1
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