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消費税の法的な負担と控除不足額の還付について / On Legal Burden of Japanese Consumption Tax and Refund Caused by Insufficient Deduction

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  • Tominaga, Kazuto

Abstract

税の還付は通常、租税債権債務関係を前提とした納付があった場合にその関係の不存在などを理由にした政府の一種の不当利得の返還とされる。これに対して消費税の税額計算と還付の規定によれば、消費税に関する政府に対する事業者の租税債務の発生なしに還付が起きることがある。このことは一般に、事業者の仕入高に含まれる消費税分を通常の租税負担額と同一視することで正当化されている。本稿はその是非を検討するために、我が国の財産法秩序に基礎を置き、なおかつ常識とも整合する租税負担概念の提案を試みる。そしてそれに基づいて、そのような還付は不当利得の返還ではなく政府から事業者への一方的な給付であることを示す。また、より一般に、自由市場を前提とするならば、租税負担は売買によって取引相手に転嫁されないことを示す。この結果は、そのような還付を与える消費税の税額計算方法に問題があること、また消費税に関する議論の前提となっている間接税の理論に誤謬がある可能性を示唆すると思われる。

Suggested Citation

  • Tominaga, Kazuto, 2018. "消費税の法的な負担と控除不足額の還付について / On Legal Burden of Japanese Consumption Tax and Refund Caused by Insufficient Deduction," LawArXiv 8y95d, Center for Open Science.
  • Handle: RePEc:osf:lawarx:8y95d
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/8y95d
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