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税負担を測るいくつかの尺度について / On Some Scales That Measure Tax Burden

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  • Tominaga, Kazuto

Abstract

In the traditional economics, the amount of tax burden borne by a private economic entity seems to have been measured as the decrease, due to the taxation, of money that finally remains at hand of the entity. Discussions on the Japanese Consumption Tax are also based on the same notion; if a business paying the tax can raise the selling price of a product or service by the tax amount, it is regarded as being spared of the tax burden. Nevertheless, from the business's viewpoint, raising the selling price requires effort so should be regarded as burden, which cannot be recognized by the traditional scale of tax burden based on income and expenses. The author demonstrated in a previous study that two different scales, namely, legal and earning ones, can determine the amount of burdens that are not perceivable by the traditional scale. This paper elaborates the significance of those scales and discusses their usefulness. 税により民間の経済主体が被る負担の大きさは,経済学では伝統的に,経済主体の手元に最終的に残る金額が課税の影響によって減少する,その減少額として見定められてきたと思われる。わが国の消費税についての議論もこの考え方に基づいており,消費税の納税義務を負う企業が,税額分だけ売値を引き上げられれば,その企業の負担はなくなると見なされる。しかしながら企業の立場からは,売値の引き上げは努力を要するため,負担であると見なされてよいはずである。この負担は,伝統的な負担の尺度(損益負担)によって見定めることができない。それとは異なる2つの尺度(法的負担と稼得負担)を利用することで,損益負担によって捉えられない負担を見定めうることを筆者は以前に示した。本稿では,これらの尺度の意味をより詳細に検討し,尺度としてのそれらの有効性について議論する。

Suggested Citation

  • Tominaga, Kazuto, 2018. "税負担を測るいくつかの尺度について / On Some Scales That Measure Tax Burden," LawArXiv 8n4a7, Center for Open Science.
  • Handle: RePEc:osf:lawarx:8n4a7
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/8n4a7
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