The Stale Will: Event-driven review as a testamentary discipline — how a valid will goes wrong without being touched, and why the family may read a document the testator never wrote

A will is executed once and read once, and the two moments are usually years apart. Everything in this paper happens in between. A validly executed will is not a system that tracks its maker's life; it is a snapshot of one afternoon of it. English law then operates on the snapshot mechanically as events occur. Marriage revokes the whole instrument (Wills Act 1837, s.18). Divorce does something stranger: the will survives, but every gift to and appointment of the former spouse takes effect as if that spouse had died on the day the marriage ended (s.18A). The sale of a specifically gifted asset deletes the gift, with no compensation from the proceeds (ademption). The death of a beneficiary before the testator deletes another gift by lapse, subject to a statutory rescue that reaches only the testator's own descendants (s.33). None of these mechanisms asks what the testator would have wanted. Each executes a rule, and the leading cases are a catalogue of outcomes nobody in the story intended — including one in which the testator's chosen charity lost its gift because his former wife had failed to die, and the estate went on intestacy instead. The paper states each mechanism precisely, maps the eleven household continuity events of the companion taxonomy (SIG-WP-2026-02) to their testamentary consequences, and examines the mechanism by which "I have a will" — a true sentence — quietly terminates the attention the instrument still needs. It then sets out the discipline that follows: a short trigger list, a periodic floor, and a defined inspection, satisfiable with a diary and an ordinary solicitor's appointment. The reform context sharpens the argument. The Law Commission's 2025 recommendation to abolish revocation by marriage would, if enacted, remove the one mechanism that at least fails towards the formal spouse or civil partner and, where there are issue, the issue — and leave the pre-marriage will standing. The draft Bill contains a power to save a badly executed will. It contains nothing to save a perfectly executed one that has outlived its facts.