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Towards new Trade in Value-Added (TiVA) indicators that account for modes of supply in services trade: The TiVA-MoS database

Author

Listed:
  • Mattia Cai
  • Ricardo Chiapin Pechansky
  • Sébastien Miroudot
  • Carmen Zürcher

Abstract

The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) defines services trade through four modes of supply (MoS): (1) cross-border supply, (2) consumption abroad, (3) commercial presence, and (4) presence of natural persons. This paper presents a unique quantification of bilateral services trade by MoS based on a novel and experimental dataset that leverages the OECD Analytical Activities of Multinational Enterprises (AMNE) database and Inter-Country Input-Output tables. It also introduces new Trade in Value Added (TiVA) indicators to trace the contributions of services and different modes of supply to value added across industries and economies. The resulting OECD TiVA-MoS dataset underscores the importance of Mode 3 (commercial presence) which is not captured by standard trade statistics, yet accounted for almost half of global services trade in 2019, the most recent year for which there is data.

Suggested Citation

  • Mattia Cai & Ricardo Chiapin Pechansky & Sébastien Miroudot & Carmen Zürcher, 2025. "Towards new Trade in Value-Added (TiVA) indicators that account for modes of supply in services trade: The TiVA-MoS database," OECD Trade Policy Papers 298, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:traaab:298-en
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • L80 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - General
    • F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration
    • D57 - Microeconomics - - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium - - - Input-Output Tables and Analysis

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