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A Preliminary Mapping of Measures Affecting the Cross-Border Flow of Non-Personal Data

Author

Listed:
  • Javier López González
  • Chiara Del Giovane
  • Janos Ferencz

Abstract

The cross-border flow of non-personal data (NPD) is essential to the functioning of a globalised, increasingly interconnected, and automated economy. However, the past decade has witnessed a five-fold increase in measures affecting these flows, reflecting a complex regulatory landscape. This paper introduces a preliminary typology of such measures, classifying them into three categories: those that promote, mandate, or prohibit cross-border access and sharing of NPD. These measures pursue diverse objectives, including open data initiatives, regulatory compliance, sustainability, law enforcement, and data security. While safeguards can support trusted and secure cross-border flows of NPD, over half of the 124 identified measures are likely to hinder rather than facilitate trade. In response, trade agreements and international policy fora are beginning to address these challenges. This analysis provides a starting point for more targeted discussions on NPD and aims to “make the problem smaller” by narrowing debates to specific, actionable issues.

Suggested Citation

  • Javier López González & Chiara Del Giovane & Janos Ferencz, 2025. "A Preliminary Mapping of Measures Affecting the Cross-Border Flow of Non-Personal Data," OECD Trade Policy Papers 295, OECD Publishing.
    • Handle: RePEc:oec:traaab:295-en
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Data flows; Digital economy; Digital trade; Digitalization; Trade policy;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade

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