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Synthetic biology, AI and automation: A forward-looking technology assessment

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  • OECD

Abstract

Synthetic biology harnesses and redesigns biological systems to drive innovation across a broad range of sectors, including health, agriculture, and production. It is increasingly integrating with artificial intelligence tools like large language models and robotics to accelerate innovation, improve accessibility, and enable more complex applications. Guided by the OECD Framework for Anticipatory Governance of Emerging Technologies, this report provides a strategic intelligence assessment of this convergence, laying out several concrete cases of where the technology is and how it could develop in the future. It identifies the governance implications (e.g. biosecurity and biosafety, data supply chain, human oversight) with accompanying policy options for each to guide policymakers on potential future actions. The report recommends further analysis on a range of issues due to policy importance and high uncertainty, such as forward-looking monitoring of the technology’s development, agile and anticipatory governance, and leveraging spaces for international collaboration.

Suggested Citation

  • Oecd, 2025. "Synthetic biology, AI and automation: A forward-looking technology assessment," OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers 187, OECD Publishing.
    • Handle: RePEc:oec:stiaac:187-en
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    JEL classification:

    • L63 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Manufacturing - - - Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment
    • L65 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Manufacturing - - - Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology; Plastics
    • L86 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - Information and Internet Services; Computer Software
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
    • O38 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Government Policy
    • K32 - Law and Economics - - Other Substantive Areas of Law - - - Energy, Environmental, Health, and Safety Law

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