Green Iron opportunities in Australia: A case study within the OECD’s Global Green Iron project

Australia has an opportunity to play a role in the global green iron industry by leveraging its vast iron ore reserves and high renewable energy potential. This would involve shifting from a traditional "dig-and-ship" model and adding value to its iron ore through direct reduction, aligned with the global steel sector transition. Despite its natural advantages, Australia's green iron sector remains nascent, with limited project investment and barriers including infrastructure gaps and policy fragmentation. Major mining and steel companies show varied commitment levels, and new entrants face financing and logistical hurdles. International competitors are advancing rapidly through integrated strategies and lower-cost energy. Renewable energy access and co-located production models are key enablers, though technically complex. Australia's success depends on scaling up infrastructure, improving policy coordination, and forging international industrial alliances. With rising global demand for green inputs and evolving trade policies, Australia must act decisively to secure a competitive position in the emerging green iron value chain.