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Provision of social services in EU countries: Reform of the national framework for the provision of social services in Spain

Author

Listed:
  • Ana Llena-Nozal
  • Rodrigo Fernández
  • Sarah Kups

Abstract

This paper provides an overview of how social services are organised in European Union countries. With a special focus on Spain and countries with federal or semi-federal organisation, the paper starts by analysing social services from a legal perspective. It provides a comparative perspective on several concrete aspects of social services: sources of funding (national, regional, local, etc.), organization of service provision, expenditure, human resources, governance and coordination between institutions. The analysis finds that, despite differences across countries, there is no link between the existence of a comprehensive national social services laws and the comprehensiveness of the social service offer (the main differences concern family services and housing services in countries which consider housing as a right). There exist large differences in the contribution of central, regional, and local governments to social expenditure. Spending more on services does not necessarily imply spending less in cash transfers. Indeed, it appears that Nordic countries, that spend more on services as a share of their GDP, also spend more on cash transfers. Finally, the paper stresses the important role of the information technology and the horizontal and vertical coordination mechanisms to improve service quality and accessibility. Ce document donne un aperçu de la manière dont les services sociaux sont organisés dans les pays de l'Union Européenne. Avec un accent particulier sur l'Espagne et les pays ayant une organisation fédérale ou semi-fédérale, le document commence par analyser les services sociaux d'un point de vue juridique. Il fournit une perspective comparative sur plusieurs aspects concrets des services sociaux : les sources de financement (nationales, régionales, locales, etc.), l'organisation de la prestation de services, les dépenses, les ressources humaines, la gouvernance et la coordination entre les institutions. L'analyse révèle que, malgré les différences entre les pays, il n'y a pas de lien entre l'existence d'une législation nationale globale sur les services sociaux et l'exhaustivité de l'offre de services sociaux (les principales différences concernent les services aux familles et les services de logement dans les pays qui considèrent le logement comme un droit). Il existe de grandes différences dans la contribution des gouvernements centraux, régionaux et locaux aux dépenses sociales. Dépenser plus pour les services n'implique pas nécessairement de dépenser moins pour les transferts en espèces. En effet, il apparaît que les pays nordiques, qui dépensent plus en services en pourcentage de leur PIB, dépensent également plus en transferts en espèces. Enfin, l'article souligne le rôle important des technologies de l'information et des mécanismes de coordination horizontale et verticale pour améliorer la qualité et l'accessibilité des services.

Suggested Citation

  • Ana Llena-Nozal & Rodrigo Fernández & Sarah Kups, 2022. "Provision of social services in EU countries: Reform of the national framework for the provision of social services in Spain," OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers 276, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:elsaab:276-en
    DOI: 10.1787/ba4fbaf2-en
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Social services; Spain;

    JEL classification:

    • H11 - Public Economics - - Structure and Scope of Government - - - Structure and Scope of Government
    • H53 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
    • H7 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations
    • I31 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - General Welfare, Well-Being
    • I38 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs

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