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School Choice and Equity: Current Policies in OECD Countries and a Literature Review

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  • Pauline Musset

    (OECD)

Abstract

This report discusses the most relevant issues concerning school choice schemes, and how they intertwine with equity considerations, through a literature review and analysis of the effects different types of school choice programmes have on equity. In the last 25 years, more than two-thirds of OECD countries have increased school choice opportunities for parents. The empirical evidence reviewed here reveals that providing full parental school choice results in further student segregation between schools, by ability, socio-economic and ethnic background, and in greater inequities across education systems. The report identifies certain characteristics of programmes that can prevent schools from hand-picking their students - crowding out disadvantaged and low performing students. As school choice is here to stay, countries should explore choice designs that balance parents’ freedom to choose with equity considerations: this report develops two particular schemes: controlled choice programmes – also called flexible enrolment schemes – and weighted funding formula. Ce rapport aborde les aspects les plus pertinents concernant les systèmes de choix de l'école, et leurs relations avec les questions d’équité, à travers une revue de la littérature et un examen des effets de différents types de mécanismes de choix. Au cours des 25 dernières années, plus des deux tiers des pays de l'OCDE ont augmenté les possibilités de choix de l'école pour les parents. L’évidence empirique examinée ici révèle que de permettre aux parents de choisir entre toutes les écoles contribuent à séparer les élèves par aptitudes, milieux socio-économiques, et origines ethniques, et donc accroit les iniquités entre les écoles. Le rapport identifie certaines caractéristiques des programmes qui peuvent empêcher les écoles « d’écrémer » les élèves, et donc d’exclure ceux qui sont les plus défavorisés, ou les moins bons. Les pays peuvent développer des mécanismes qui permettre de concilier la liberté pour les parents de choisir l’école de leurs enfants et l’équité. Ce rapport analyse deux dispositifs particuliers: les programmes de choix contrôlé - également appelés les régimes d'inscription flexibles - et le financement pondéré des écoles.

Suggested Citation

  • Pauline Musset, 2012. "School Choice and Equity: Current Policies in OECD Countries and a Literature Review," OECD Education Working Papers 66, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:eduaab:66-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5k9fq23507vc-en
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