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Local Public Finances and Municipal Reform in Finland

Author

Listed:
  • Christophe André

    (OECD)

  • Clara García

    (OECD)

Abstract

Finnish municipalities enjoy ample fiscal autonomy and provide or arrange the provision of a large share of public services. In recent years, their spending and debt has been increasing steadily, especially because of population ageing and increases in the cost of health care and social services. Furthermore, small municipalities are often struggling to align service provision with national standards. The government has launched a reform to create more efficient municipalities through voluntary mergers. Both international experience and costs per capita across Finnish municipalities suggest an optimal size for municipalities of over 20 000 inhabitants, at least outside remote areas. As mergers are to be voluntary, the outcome of the reform remains uncertain. If merger plans prove insufficient to achieve efficient public service provision, the government could impose mergers on smaller municipalities, especially around the main urban areas. Responsibilities of smaller municipalities could be scaled back in all functions where economies of scale and scope can be achieved. Policies also need to be flexible enough to allow restructuring of services after mergers. Partnerships between public or private entities to provide services could be developed further in some areas. Finally, the tax structure and fiscal rules should be enhanced to ensure long-term fiscal sustainability. This Working Paper relates to the 2014 OECD Economic Survey of Finland (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economicsurvey- finland.htm). Les finances publiques locales et la réforme des communes en Finlande Les communes finlandaises jouissent d’une grande autonomie budgétaire et fournissent elles-mêmes, ou font fournir, une large part des services publics. Ces dernières années, leurs dépenses et leur endettement ont augmenté de manière sensible, en particulier à cause du vieillissement de la population et de la hausse des soins de santé et des services sociaux qui en découle. En outre, les petites communes ont souvent du mal à fournir des services à la hauteur des normes nationales. Le gouvernement a lancé une réforme destiné à créer des communes plus efficientes grâce à des fusions volontaires. Si l’on se fonde sur l’expérience internationale comme sur les coûts par habitant dans les communes finlandaises, il apparaît que pour une commune, la taille optimale correspondrait à une population supérieure à 20 000 habitants, au moins en dehors des zones isolées. Comme les fusions vont être volontaires, l’issue de la réforme reste incertaine. Si les projets de réformes ne suffisent pas à déboucher sur une prestation efficiente de services publics, le gouvernement pourrait imposer des fusions aux communes les plus petites, en particulier autour des grandes zones urbaines. Les responsabilités des communes les plus petites pourraient être réduites dans tous les domaines où il est possible d’obtenir des économies d’échelle et de portée. L’action publique doit par ailleurs être suffisamment souple pour permettre une restructuration des services après les fusions. Des partenariats entre entités publiques et privées pour la fourniture de services pourraient être développés dans certains domaines. Enfin, la structure fiscale et les règles budgétaires devraient être améliorées pour garantir la viabilité budgétaire à long terme. Ce Document de travail se rapporte à l’Étude économique de l’OCDE de la Finlande, 2014 (www.oecd.org/fr/eco/etudes/etude-economique-finlande.htm).

Suggested Citation

  • Christophe André & Clara García, 2014. "Local Public Finances and Municipal Reform in Finland," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1121, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1121-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz2qt0zj024-en
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    Keywords

    decentralisation; décentralisation; efficacité; efficiency; Finlande; fiscal equalisation; fiscal federalism; fiscal rules; fiscalité locale; fusions municipales; fédéralisme budgétaire; gouvernement local; local government; local taxation; municipal mergers; public services; péréquation; règles budgétaires; services publics;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H11 - Public Economics - - Structure and Scope of Government - - - Structure and Scope of Government
    • H21 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Efficiency; Optimal Taxation
    • H41 - Public Economics - - Publicly Provided Goods - - - Public Goods
    • H42 - Public Economics - - Publicly Provided Goods - - - Publicly Provided Private Goods
    • H71 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
    • H72 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - State and Local Budget and Expenditures
    • H74 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - State and Local Borrowing
    • H75 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - State and Local Government: Health, Education, and Welfare
    • H77 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism

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