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Atteindre l'émergence : Les défis fiscaux de la Côte d'Ivoire

Author

Listed:
  • Sarah Perret

    (OCDE)

  • Alain Charlet
  • Bert Brys

    (OCDE)

Abstract

La Côte d’Ivoire s’est fixé comme objectif d’atteindre le statut d’économie émergente d’ici 2020. Cependant, les recettes fiscales de la Côte d’Ivoire sont insuffisantes au regard de ses besoins croissants d’investissements publics en matière d’infrastructure, d’éducation et de santé. La politique fiscale n’est pas qu’une question de ressources : la Côte d’Ivoire devra également chercher à réformer un système qui génère de nombreuses distorsions dans le comportement des acteurs économiques, qui ne joue qu’un rôle limité dans la redistribution et l’inclusion et qui manque de transparence. Pour cela, les priorités devront être d’évoluer vers une structure fiscale où les impôts qui créent le plus de distorsions, tels que les droits de douane, sont progressivement remplacés par des impôts plus neutres ; d’élargir le filet fiscal à un plus grand nombre de contribuables afin d’éviter que la charge fiscale ne pèse que sur un nombre limité d’acteurs du secteur formel ; de simplifier et d’accroître la cohérence du système fiscal ; de rationaliser les nombreuses exonérations, particulièrement en matière de TVA, d’impôt sur les sociétés et d’impôt sur le revenu; de renforcer les règles en matière de fiscalité internationale pour tendre à ce que les entreprises multinationales paient leur juste part d’impôts ; de renforcer les capacités de l’administration fiscale ; et de promouvoir le « civisme fiscal ». La Côte d’Ivoire ne pourra pas se contenter de réformes partielles mais a besoin d’une réforme fiscale de fond mise en oeuvre de façon graduelle pour répondre à ses besoins d’économie émergente. From a Developing to an Emerging Economy: Côte d'Ivoire's Tax Policy Challenges Côte d’Ivoire aims at reaching emerging country status by 2020. However, Côte d'Ivoire's tax revenues are not sufficient to finance its growing needs for public investment in infrastructure, education and health. Tax policy is not just a question of resources—Côte d’Ivoire will also have to attempt to reform a tax system which distorts behaviour in many parts of the economy, which plays only a limited role in redistribution and inclusiveness, and lacks transparency. The authorities will have to prioritise a shift in the tax mix that gradually replaces the most distortive taxes, such as customs duties, with more neutral taxes; cast the tax net more widely to prevent that a limited number of taxpayers in the formal sector bear most of the tax burden; make the tax system simpler and more coherent; rationalise the many exemptions, especially in VAT, corporate tax and personal income tax; strengthen international tax rules to encourage multinationals to pay their fair share of taxes; increase the capacity of tax authorities; and enhance tax morale. Côte d’Ivoire cannot settle for partial reforms—it needs to phase in a comprehensive tax reform to meet its needs as an emerging economy.

Suggested Citation

  • Sarah Perret & Alain Charlet & Bert Brys, 2016. "Atteindre l'émergence : Les défis fiscaux de la Côte d'Ivoire," OECD Taxation Working Papers 25, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ctpaaa:25-fr
    DOI: 10.1787/5jlwj0564cxt-fr
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    JEL classification:

    • H2 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue

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