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Ambigüedad causal, prácticas de recursos humanos de alto compromiso y resultados empresariales

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Abstract

El enfoque basado en los recursos (EBR) (resource-based view RBV) sugiere que las empresas conseguirán y mantendrán en el tiempo una posición de ventaja competitiva solamente si sus recursos son inimitables. Es por ello, que la protección frente a la imitación se convierte en un aspecto clave para las empresas de hoy en día. Tradicionalmente, se ha reconocido en la literatura que existe una relación positiva entre el nivel de protección de las competencias y la existencia de ambigüedad causal. Sin embargo, algunos estudios recientes apuntan, en contra de este supuesto, que la existencia de dicha ambigüedad en el seno de las empresas impide la transferencia de competencias en el interior de las organizaciones, lo que dificulta la consecución de altos resultados. El primer objetivo de esta investigación es analizar ambas corrientes con el fin último de establecer cuál es la influencia neta que ejerce la ambigüedad causal sobre los rendimientos corporativos. El segundo, analizar cómo las prácticas de recursos humanos de alto compromiso o alta participación pueden contribuir a resolver este debate. Para ello, se propone un conjunto de hipótesis que serán contrastadas en una muestra de 258 empresas manufactureras españolas. The resource-based view (RBV) predicts that firms will achieve and sustain a position of competitive advantage over time only if their resources and capabilities are difficult to imitate. Traditionally, it has been recognised that causal ambiguity, by making it difficult for competitors to identify the capabilities on which a particular firm bases its competitive advantage, represents an effective protection mechanism helping the firm to obtain superior performance. Recently, researchers have unearthed evidence that the effects of causal ambiguity also could be extend to the interior of the firm itself, hampering the diffusion of its own capabilities among its managers. In this case, the existence of causal ambiguity will have a negative impact on firm performance. In this paper we study both effects using a sample of 258 Spanish manufacturing firms, and we show that causal ambiguity exerts a doubleedged influence on firm performance. On the positive side, in its effect on the firm’s competitors, and on the negative, in its effect on the firm’s managers, with this second effect being stronger.

Suggested Citation

  • González Álvarez, Nuria & Nieto Antolín, Mariano, 2004. "Ambigüedad causal, prácticas de recursos humanos de alto compromiso y resultados empresariales," Working Papers "New Trends on Business Administration". Documentos de Trabajo "Nuevas Tendencias en Dirección de Empresas". 2004-03, Interuniversity Research Master and Doctorate Program (with a quality mention of ANECA) on "Business Economics", Universities of Valladolid, Burgos, Salamanca and León (Spain). Until 2008, Interuniversity Doctorate Program (with a quality mention of ANECA) “New trends in Business Administration”, Universities of Valladolid, Burgos, and Salamanca (Spain). Master en Investigación y Programa de Docto.
  • Handle: RePEc:ntd:wpaper:2004-03
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