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Welcoming the tired and poor: Grassroots associations and immigrant assimilation during the age of mass migration

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  • Davide M. Coluccia

Abstract

I examine the impact of the Progressive-era Settlement movement on immigrant assimilation in the United States between 1880 and 1940. Settlements provided services such as job training and childcare to immigrants. Using an individual-level triple difference strategy based on cross-cohort and over-time variation in settlement exposure, I find that settlements increased labor force participation and income for men but not for women. These responses persisted into the generation exposed to settlements during childhood. The gendered effects stem from increased fertility and in-group marriage that excluded women from labor markets, particularly among immigrants from countries with more conservative gender norms.

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  • Davide M. Coluccia, 2025. "Welcoming the tired and poor: Grassroots associations and immigrant assimilation during the age of mass migration," Discussion Papers 2025-03, Nottingham Interdisciplinary Centre for Economic and Political Research (NICEP).
    • Handle: RePEc:not:notnic:2025-03
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