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Power and Purpose: The Quiet Evolution of Canadian Municipal Law

Author

Listed:
  • Zack Taylor
  • Craig Mutter
  • Joseph Lyons
  • Alec Dobson

    (University of Toronto)

Abstract

Local government is a vital part of Canada’s multi-level democracy. It provides a voice for the needs, desires, and aspirations of local communities and shapes the environments in which we live. Amidst growing calls for greater local autonomy and expanded local powers and resources, this paper contributes a comparative overview of municipal law in Canada’s ten provinces and three territories. We find that Canadian municipal law has experienced a quiet evolution over the past 40 years. The scope of municipal legal authority has expanded considerably as provinces and territories have revised their general municipal acts and adopted special laws for major cities. While the overall trend has been toward more permissive authority and the recognition of municipalities as democratic, accountable, and responsible governments, there are significant variations, both in law and in practice, among and within provinces and territories. We conclude that the practical potential of this wave of legislative reform is not fully known and may be unrealized, and requires further research.

Suggested Citation

  • Zack Taylor & Craig Mutter & Joseph Lyons & Alec Dobson, 2026. "Power and Purpose: The Quiet Evolution of Canadian Municipal Law," IMFG Papers 74, University of Toronto, Institute on Municipal Finance and Governance.
  • Handle: RePEc:mfg:wpaper:74
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • H11 - Public Economics - - Structure and Scope of Government - - - Structure and Scope of Government
    • H70 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - General
    • H77 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism
    • K11 - Law and Economics - - Basic Areas of Law - - - Property Law
    • K15 - Law and Economics - - Basic Areas of Law - - - Civil Law; Common Law

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