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Intra-Urban Spatial Distributions of Population and Employment : The Case of the Agglomeration of Dijon, 1999

Author

Listed:
  • BAUMONT, Catherine

    (LATEC - CNRS UMR 5118 - MSH - Université de Bourgogne)

  • ERTUR, Cem

    (LATEC - CNRS UMR 5118 - MSH - Université de Bourgogne)

  • LE GALLO, Julie

    (LATEC - CNRS UMR 5118 - MSH - Université de Bourgogne
    REAL University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign)

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to analyze the intra-urban spatial distributions of population and employment in the agglomeration of Dijon (regional capital of Burgundy, France). We study whether this agglomeration has followed the general tendency of job decentralization observed in most urban areas or whether it is still characterized by a monocentric pattern. In that purpose, we use a sample of 136 observations at the communal and at the IRIS (infra-urban statistical area) levels with 1999 census data and the employment database SIRENE (INSEE). First, we study the spatial pattern of total employment and employment density using exploratory spatial data analysis. Apart from the CBD, few IRIS are found to be statistically significant, a result contrasting with those found using standard methods of subcenter identification with employment cut-offs. Next, in order to examine the spatial distribution of residential population density, we estimate and compare different specifications : exponential negative, spline-exponential and multicentric density functions. Moreover, spatial autocorrelation is controlled for by using the appropriate spatial econometric techniques. The spline-exponential is found to perform the best, highlighting the monocentric character of the agglomeration of Dijon. / L'objectif de ce papier est d'analyser la distribution spatiale de l'emploi et de la population à une échelle intra-urbaine pour la COMADI en 1999. Nous étudions en particulier si l'agglomération dijonnaise a suivi la tendance générale à la décentralisation des emplois ou si elle reste caractérisée par une organisation monocentrique de l'emploi et de la densité de population. Cette étude est menée sur un échantillon de 136 unités spatiales à l'échelle communale ou intra-urbaine (IRIS) à partir de données issues du RGP et du fichier SIRENE pour l'emploi salarié du secteur privé. Dans un premier temps nous réalisons une étude d'identification des centres d'emplois en utilisant les techniques de l'Analyse Exploratoire des Données Spatiales (ES DA). En dehors du CBD, seuls quelques autres IRIS présentent un profil significatif de centres secondaires. Ce résultat montre que l'organisation spatiale de l'emploi dans la COMADI est plutôt de type monocentrique et contraste avec celui obtenu avec les méthodes standards d'identification des centres avec seuils. Ensuite, nous étudions si la distribution de la densité de population suit un schéma monocentrique ou multicentrique. Partant de la fonction de densité exponentielle négative, nous estimons différentes spécifications intégrant la distance au CBD et à d'autres centres secondaires et tenons également compte d'une forme d'hétérogénéité spatiale de type spline exponentielle négative. La présence d'autocorrélation spatiale est systématiquement contrôlée. Il apparaît que la COMADI est de nouveau caractérisée par une organisation monocentrique de la population marquée cependant par une variation du gradient de densité résidentielle entre Dijon et les communes périphériques.

Suggested Citation

  • BAUMONT, Catherine & ERTUR, Cem & LE GALLO, Julie, 2003. "Intra-Urban Spatial Distributions of Population and Employment : The Case of the Agglomeration of Dijon, 1999," LEG - Document de travail - Economie 2003-01, LEG, Laboratoire d'Economie et de Gestion, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne.
  • Handle: RePEc:lat:legeco:2003-01
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    exploratory spatial data analysis; monocentric and polycentric configurations; population density; spatial autocorrelation; spatial heterogeneity; employment subcenters;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C21 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models
    • R14 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Land Use Patterns

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