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Valoración del nuevo modelo del Régimen Especial de Trabajadores Autónomos

Author

Listed:
  • Jose Enrique Devesa Carpio

    (Universitat de València)

  • Maria del Mar Devesa Carpio

    (Universitat de València)

  • Francisco Borja Encinas Goenechea

    (Universidad de Extremadura)

  • Inmaculada Domínguez Fabián

    (Universidad de Extremadura)

  • Miguel Ángel García Díaz

    (Universidad Rey Juan Carlos)

  • Robert Meneu Gaya

    (Universitat de València)

Abstract

One of the aspects of the pension reform that has been under negotiation since mid-2021 is the modification of the Special Scheme for Self-Employed Workers (Régimen Especial de Trabajadores Autónomos RETA). According to the news that has spread, the new RETA may entail important changes with respect to the previous system, such as: a) The real returns declared for tax purposes will be taken into account, not being able to choose the contribution bases as was the case until now; b) the contribution payment will be set based on a series of return intervals (steps), which implies the disappearance of a single rate of contribution, as was the case up to now; c) a long transitory period is established (from 2023 to 2031) for its final implementation.Using a quota system and a function by steps means that not all affiliates are going to be subject to the same contribution rate, which implies a change with respect to what happened until now in the RETA and in the General Scheme (Régimen General).Although the application of the new quota table that appeared in January 2022 represents a slight improvement of the RETA, it continues to present important deficiencies in terms of the fairness of the system in several areas: a) within the RETA itself; b) regarding the General Scheme; c) during the transitional period, prominently.We propose a simple and transparent solution of using tax returns as a contribution base and continuing to apply a single contribution rate for all self-employed workers. In addition, this rate should be similar to that of the General Scheme. This would avoid most of the problems that we have detected and would make it possible to maintain tax returns as a reference, which we consider to be an important advance for the equalization with the General Scheme. Uno de los aspectos de la reforma de las pensiones que se está negociando desde mediados de 2021 es la modificación del Régimen Especial de Trabajadores Autónomos (RETA). Según las noticias que han trascendido, el nuevo RETA puede suponer importantes cambios respecto al sistema anterior, pudiendo destacarse: a) Se tendrán en cuenta los rendimientos reales declarados fiscalmente, no pudiendo elegir las bases de cotización como ocurría hasta ahora; b) la cuota a pagar se fijará en función de una serie de intervalos (escalones) de rendimientos, lo que implica la desaparición de un tipo de cotización único, como ocurría hasta ahora; c) se establece un periodo transitorio largo (desde 2023 a 2031) para su implantación definitiva.Utilizar un sistema de cuotas y una función por escalones supone que no todos los afiliados van a estar sujetos al mismo tipo de cotización, lo que implica una quiebra respecto a lo que ocurría hasta ahora en el RETA y en el Régimen General.Aunque la aplicación de nueva tabla de cuotas aparecida en enero de 2022 supone una ligera mejora del RETA, éste sigue presentando importantes deficiencias en cuanto a la equidad del sistema en varios ámbitos: a) dentro del propio RETA; b) respecto al Régimen General; c) durante el periodo transitorio, de manera destacada.Proponemos como solución sencilla y transparente la de utilizar los rendimientos fiscales como base de cotización y seguir aplicando un tipo de cotización único para todos los autónomos y que, además, sea similar al del Régimen General. Esto evitaría la mayor parte de problemas que hemos detectado y permitiría mantener como referencia los rendimientos fiscales, que consideramos que es un avance importante en la equiparación con el Régimen General.

Suggested Citation

  • Jose Enrique Devesa Carpio & Maria del Mar Devesa Carpio & Francisco Borja Encinas Goenechea & Inmaculada Domínguez Fabián & Miguel Ángel García Díaz & Robert Meneu Gaya, 2022. "Valoración del nuevo modelo del Régimen Especial de Trabajadores Autónomos," Working Papers Ivie 2022-01, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas, S.A. (Ivie).
  • Handle: RePEc:ivi:wpivie:2022-01
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Sistema de pensiones; Equidad; Régimen General; Tipo de cotización Pension system; Equity; General Scheme; Contribution rate;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions

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