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¿Explican las preferencias cuasi-hiperbólicas la procrastinación académica? Una evaluación empírica

Author

Listed:
  • David Patiño

    (Departamento de Economía e Historia Económica)

  • Francisco Gómez García

    (Dpto. Economía e Historia Económica)

Abstract

Behavioral economics explains self-control issues as based on intertemporal preferences of individuals; in particular, the so-called (ß-d) model explains it by reference to a bias towards the present. This model classifies individuals as being either consistent, naive or sophisticated according to their attitude to said issues, a classification which is becoming standard in the literature. However, such explanation has not been tested empirically in a systematic way. In this paper, we develop a method that makes contrasting the main implications of that model possible when it comes to explaining procrastination by college students. Academic procrastination by students (putting off study time ahead of their exams) is seen as a direct consequence of self-control issues and, therefore, should be predictable by their intertemporal preferences. Using a time-discount experimental task with real monetary incentives, we estimate the parameters ß and d of students’ preferences and then test their correlation with their answers to questions about how they plan to study an exam. The results are ambiguous in that our findings do support some conclusions from the model, while others derived from it are rejected. Specifically, we have not found a relationship between a bias towards the present and some of the categories of individuals as established in the standard classification. Los problemas de autocontrol se han explicado desde la economía del comportamiento en base a las preferencias intertemporales de los individuos, en concreto, a través del denominado modelo (ß, d) que explica este fenómeno por los sesgos hacia el presente. Este modelo ha deparado una clasificación de individuos en función de su actitud ante tales problemas en consistentes, ingenuos o sofisticados que se está consolidando en la literatura. No obstante, tal explicación carece de una evaluación empírica sistemática. En este artículo, desarrollamos un método que posibilita contrastar las principales implicaciones que tiene este modelo para explicar la procrastinación de los estudiantes universitarios. La procrastinación de cara a la preparación de exámenes por parte de los estudiantes es entendida como una clara consecuencia de los problemas de autocontrol y, por tanto, debería ser predicha por sus preferencias intertemporales. Usando una tarea experimental de descuento temporal con incentivos monetarios reales, estimamos los parámetros ß y d de las preferencias de los estudiantes y analizamos su correlación con las respuestas de los mismos a una serie de cuestiones sobre cómo planifican el estudio de un examen. Los resultados son ambiguos dado que respaldan algunas conclusiones del modelo, pero rechazan otras, incluyendo algunas de las más básicas como la relación entre los sesgos hacia el presente y algunas de las categorías de individuos.

Suggested Citation

  • David Patiño & Francisco Gómez García, 2015. "¿Explican las preferencias cuasi-hiperbólicas la procrastinación académica? Una evaluación empírica," Working Papers. Serie EC 2015-03, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas, S.A. (Ivie).
  • Handle: RePEc:ivi:wpasec:2015-03
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