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Population Density and Prosocial Behavior: Social Norms and Interdependence as Alternative Accounts

Author

Listed:
  • Benjamin Sheehan

    (IUJ Research Institute, International University of Japan)

  • Pramodhya Dissanayake
  • Janani Kumarathunga

Abstract

Prosocial behavior is essential for a functioning society. Despite increasing urbanization, the impact of population density on prosocial behavior remains unclear. Prior research offers conflicting predictions. Some research suggests that increased density might increase prosocial behavior via increased opportunities to help others. Contrasting accounts suggest that increased density decreases prosocial behavior via anonymity and competition for resources. Across two correlational designs (N = 400), the present research suggests a small, positive relationship between density and self-reported prosocial behavior. However, a third study (N = 482) which manipulates perceived density, alongside other relevant constructs, suggests that strong vs. weak social norms and high vs. low interdependence are more proximal influences of prosocial behavior, than population density itself.

Suggested Citation

  • Benjamin Sheehan & Pramodhya Dissanayake & Janani Kumarathunga, 2026. "Population Density and Prosocial Behavior: Social Norms and Interdependence as Alternative Accounts," Working Papers EMS_2026_06, Research Institute, International University of Japan.
    • Handle: RePEc:iuj:wpaper:ems_2026_06
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    File URL: https://www2.iuj.ac.jp/workingpapers/index.cfm?File=EMS_2026_06.pdf
    File Function: First version, 2026
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