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Rounding in recreation demand models: a latent class count model

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  • Evans, Keith S.
  • Herriges, Joseph A.

Abstract

A commonly observed feature of visitation data, elicited via a survey instrument, is a greater propensity for individuals to report trip numbers that are multiples of 5's, relative to other possible integers (such as 3 or 6). One explanation of this phenomenon is that some survey respondents have difficulty recalling the exact number of trips taken and instead choose to round their responses. This paper examines the impact that rounding can have on the estimated demand for recreation and the bias that it may induce on subsequent welfare estimates. We propose the use of a latent class structure in which respondents are assumed to be members of either a nonrounding or a rounding class. A series of generated data experiments are provided to illustrate the range of possible impacts that ignoring rounding can have on the estimated parameters of the model and on the welfare implications from site closure. The results suggest that biases can be substantial, particularly when then unconditional mean number of trips is in the range from two to four. An illustrative application is provided using visitation data to Saylorville Lake in central Iowa.

Suggested Citation

  • Evans, Keith S. & Herriges, Joseph A., 2010. "Rounding in recreation demand models: a latent class count model," ISU General Staff Papers 201006020700001116, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:isu:genstf:201006020700001116
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    1. Greene, William H. & Hensher, David A., 2003. "A latent class model for discrete choice analysis: contrasts with mixed logit," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 37(8), pages 681-698, September.
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    5. Bill Provencher & Kenneth A. Baerenklau & Richard C. Bishop, 2002. "A Finite Mixture Logit Model of Recreational Angling with Serially Correlated Random Utility," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 84(4), pages 1066-1075.
    6. Edward Morey & Jennifer Thacher & William Breffle, 2006. "Using Angler Characteristics and Attitudinal Data to Identify Environmental Preference Classes: A Latent-Class Model," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 34(1), pages 91-115, May.
    7. Manski, Charles F. & Molinari, Francesca, 2010. "Rounding Probabilistic Expectations in Surveys," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 28(2), pages 219-231.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hocheol Jeon & Joseph A. Herriges, 2017. "Combining Revealed Preference Data with Stated Preference Data: A Latent Class Approach," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 68(4), pages 1053-1086, December.
    2. Ian B. Page & Erik Lichtenberg & Monica Saavoss, 2020. "Estimating Willingness to Pay from Count Data When Survey Responses are Rounded," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 75(3), pages 657-675, March.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • C25 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions; Probabilities
    • Q51 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Valuation of Environmental Effects

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