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Avaliando o Efeito dos Investimentos em Telecomunicações sobre o PIB

Author

Listed:
  • Alexandre Ywata de Carvalho
  • Mário Jorge Mendonça
  • José Jaime da Silva

Abstract

O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o efeito regional da expansão da banda larga no Brasil. Isso é feito por meio do emprego do modelo econométrico de dados em painel para a população de 5.564 municípios, no período 2007-2014. De modo a incorporar as diferenças regionais, usamos informação advinda da análise de agrupamentos que isola grupos homogêneos de municípios. O problema da causalidade reversa entre o acesso à banda larga e o produto interno bruto (PIB) é identificado com o emprego do método de variável instrumental (IV). Entre os resultados obtidos, podemos constatar a existência de efeitos regionalmente diferenciados da expansão da banda larga sobre o PIB municipal, de modo que o maior impacto da banda larga ocorre nos municípios de maior renda per capita e alta concentração urbana, seguidos daqueles municípios com forte concentração nos setores de serviço, comércio e construção. O impacto da banda larga é também expressivo nos municípios ligados à parcela mais dinâmica do setor agrícola. Nos municípios mais pobres, o efeito da expansão da banda larga também ocorre, embora com menor intensidade. Por fim, testamos a hipótese de que o efeito do acesso à banda larga sobre o produto é do tipo “U invertido”, que assinala que tal efeito se eleva até determinado nível de acesso, mas diminui após ultrapassá-lo. Os resultados econométricos obtidos não evidenciam que essa hipótese possa se negada. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of broadband on the GDP taking into account regional differences. This is done by using the econometric model of panel data based on database of 5564 municipalities from 2007 to 2014. In order to incorporate the regional differences we use information derived from cluster analysis that isolates homogeneous groups of municipalities. Simultaneous causality between broadband and GDP is identified through instrumental variable method. Regional differentiated effects of broadband among municipalities were observed. The greatest impact of broadband occurs on those municipalities with the highest income per capita and high urban concentration followed by ones with a strong concentration in the service, commerce and construction sectors. The impact of broadband is also significant in the municipalities linked to the dynamic agricultural sector. In poorer municipalities the effect of broadband also occurs although with less intensity. Finally, we test the hypothesis that the effect of broadband on the output has an “inverted U” form that indicates that the effect rises to a certain level of access, but decreases after it is exceeded. The econometric results do not indicate that this hypothesis can be denied so that the impact is more intense in the intermediate levels of access of broadband.

Suggested Citation

  • Alexandre Ywata de Carvalho & Mário Jorge Mendonça & José Jaime da Silva, 2017. "Avaliando o Efeito dos Investimentos em Telecomunicações sobre o PIB," Discussion Papers 2336, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2336
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