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Gestão Pública Contemporânea: do movimento gerencialista ao pós-NPM

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  • Pedro Cavalcante

Abstract

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é mapear as tendências em termos de princípios e diretrizes de gestão, bem como as transformações, que permearam a administração pública nas últimas décadas. A partir da produção acadêmica recente, discutem-se aspectos centrais para compreender as mudanças no setor público com vistas a contribuir com o debate teórico e subsidiar futuras investigações empíricas a partir de parâmetros analíticos sobre o funcionamento e, sobretudo, sobre as experiências inovadoras dentro do Estado. Como resultado, observa-se que a literatura converge para a percepção de que os princípios e as diretrizes de gestão pós-New Public Management (NPM) constituem um processo mais de continuidade/incrementalismo do que propriamente ruptura com o paradigma anterior. Todavia, quando comparado aos pressupostos originais do movimento, no tocante às dimensões de foco, fonte inspiradora, orientação estratégica, crenças fundamentais, dentre outros, o pós-NPM se difere de forma bastante categórica. Ademais, as tendências, assim como no NPM, apresentam-se de diferentes formas, variando de acordo com o contexto e arcabouço institucional de cada governo. Isto é, instituições e história, construídas endogeneamente, importam para a compreensão da configuração e o funcionamento da máquina pública. A característica mais emblemática da gestão pública atual é a prevalência do fenômeno da governança, que em distintos formatos, consegue agregar parte significativa de princípios e diretrizes do pós-NPM mapeados na literatura. Por fim, outro aspecto central no debate é a incongruência da visão de superação pura e completa de modelos de gestão, seja entre o NPM e a burocracia tradicional ou entre os modelos pós-gerencialista e a nova gestão pública. A literatura sugere um processo bem mais incremental e desordenado, independentemente do país ou momento histórico analisado. The paper’s main goal is to map trends in terms of management principles and directives, as well as transformations that permeate the public administration in the last decades. Grounded on the recent academic production, central issues are discussed in order to understand the changes in the public sector and to contribute to the theoretical debate and to future empirical investigations in an analytical framework of functions and,above all, innovative experiences. As a result, the literature converges to a perception of the principles and directives of post-NPM administration as a process of continuity or incrementalism rather than a rupture with the previous paradigm. However, when compared to the original assumptions of the Movement, regarding the dimensions of focus, inspirational source, strategic, fundamental beliefs, among others, the post-NPM differs categorically. In addition, the trends, as well as in the NPM, are present different forms, varying according to the context and institutional framework of each government. That is, institutions and history, endogeneously developed, matter for the understanding of the public administration framework. The most emblematic feature of the current public management is the prevalence of the governance, which in different formats can aggregate a significant part of the post-NPM principles and directives mapped in the literature. Finally, another central aspect of the debate is the incongruity of pure and complete overcoming of management paradigms, between NPM and traditional bureaucracy or between post-NPM and new public management. The literature suggests an incremental and disorderly process, independent of the country or the moment analyzed.

Suggested Citation

  • Pedro Cavalcante, 2017. "Gestão Pública Contemporânea: do movimento gerencialista ao pós-NPM," Discussion Papers 2319, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2319
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