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A Função Social da Propriedade e o Direito à Cidade: teoria e prática atual

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  • Colin Crawford

Abstract

Este texto pretende examinar duas questões. Primeiro, as raízes intelectuais de dois conceitos celebrados e discutidos no Brasil e no mundo, especificamente a função social da propriedade – consagrada pela Constituição de 1988 (CF/1988) – e o direito à cidade – que está garantido pela Lei no 10.257, de 10 de julho de 2001, conhecida como Estatuto da Cidade. Este trabalho sugere que a união dessas duas ideias, no Brasil, é intrigante do ponto de vista intelectual. Isso porque a função social da propriedade foi delineada, em parte, como reação intelectual ao extremismo das ideias socialistas (e, em seguida, comunistas) da época, embora o direito à cidade tenha sido formulado por um intelectual marxista. Não obstante, na articulação brasileira dessas duas ideias, os dois conceitos são considerados complementares – e com sucesso. Segundo, e em uma demonstração do bem-sucedido casamento intelectual desses dois conceitos, o texto examina mais de trinta casos da jurisprudência de tribunais brasileiros em que se alegam violações do direito à cidade e à função social da propriedade. Embora exista uma percepção comum de que os tribunais brasileiros são conservadores quanto aos assuntos urbanos, esta pesquisa mostra um alto nível de conscientização acerca da função social da propriedade e do direito à cidade pelos tribunais, os quais têm garantido os respectivos direitos da população e concluído que tanto a função social da propriedade deve ser respeitada quanto o direito dos cidadãos à cidade. Em conclusão, sugere-se que, no futuro, outros setores da sociedade mobilizem-se para realizar as promessas dos referidos conceitos, usando, para tanto, as decisões favoráveis dos tribunais. This text undertakes to examine two questions. First, the text considers the intellectual roots of two celebrated and discussed concepts – in Brazil and in the world, specifically the social function of property – enshrined in the 1988 Constitution – and the right to the city, which is guaranteed by Law 10.257 of 2001 (the City Statute). This contribution suggests that the union of these two ideas in Brazil is curious from an intellectual point of view. This is because the social function of property originated, in part, as an intellectual reaction to the extremism of the socialist (and in turn, communist) ideas of the era, while the right to the city has been formulated by a Marxist intellectual. Nevertheless, in the Brazilian articulation of these ideas, the two ideas are considered complementary, and with success. Second, and in a demonstration of the successful intellectual marriage of the two ideas, the text examines more than thirty cases from Brazilian courts alleging violations of the right to the city and the social function of property. While there exists a common perception that Brazilian courts are conservative with respect to urban matters, the evidence of this research shows a high level of awareness about these concepts on the part of the courts, which defend the rights of population to them – concluding that property needs both to respect its social function and that all citizens have a right to the city. The text concludes with the suggestion, therefore, that, in the future, the mobilization in favor of these concepts needs to come from other social sectors, using the favorable court decisions to realize the aspiration of the two concepts.

Suggested Citation

  • Colin Crawford, 2017. "A Função Social da Propriedade e o Direito à Cidade: teoria e prática atual," Discussion Papers 2282, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2282
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