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A dinâmica do crescimento das exportações do agronegócio brasileiro

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  • Rebecca Lima Albuquerque Maranhão
  • José Eustáquio Ribeiro Vieira Filho

Abstract

O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar as fontes de crescimento das exportações brasileiras do conjunto de produtos soja, milho, açúcar, trigo, laranja, algodão, café e carnes (bovina, suína e de frango) durante o período de 1992 a 2013. Os procedimentos metodológicos envolveram a aplicação do modelo constant market share para decompor o crescimento das exportações entre os efeitos de crescimento mundial, de composição da pauta, de destino e de competitividade. Na década de 1990, o crescimento mundial foi relativamente baixo; entretanto, as exportações brasileiras, com a abertura comercial e a estabilização monetária do país, obtiveram taxas positivas, sendo impulsionadas pela composição da pauta e pelo destino das exportações. De 2000 em diante, o crescimento do comércio mundial foi bastante significativo, motivado pelo aumento da demanda de países emergentes, o que proporcionou o boom das commodities. O bom desempenho das exportações agropecuárias brasileiras esteve relacionado não somente ao crescimento mundial, mas também aos ganhos de competitividade, que estão associados à modernização tecnológica com consequente expansão da produtividade. Contudo, ao comparar a primeira década com a segunda, verificou-se a redução do fator competitividade, o que aponta a necessidade de estimular os investimentos produtivos. The main objective in this study is to analyze the sources of growth of Brazilian exports of soybeans, maize, sugar, wheat, orange, cotton, coffee and meat (beef, pork and poultry) during 1992 to 2013. The methodological procedures involved the application of Constant Market Share model to decompose the exports growth as the effects of global growth, exports composition, market distribution and competitiveness. In the 1990s, global growth was relatively low; however, with the trade liberalization and monetary stabilization, Brazilian exports achieved positive rates driven by the exports composition and market destination. From 2000s onwards, the growth of world trade was very significant, driven by increased demand from emerging countries, which provided the commodity boom. The favorable performance of Brazilian agricultural exports was not only related to global growth, but also to the competitive gains that are associated with technological modernization which promoted the expansion of productivity. However, when comparing the first decade with the second, there was a reduction in competitiveness, which indicates the need to encourage productive investments.

Suggested Citation

  • Rebecca Lima Albuquerque Maranhão & José Eustáquio Ribeiro Vieira Filho, 2016. "A dinâmica do crescimento das exportações do agronegócio brasileiro," Discussion Papers 2249, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2249
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