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Reavaliando a Vulnerabilidade Externa da Economia Brasileira

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  • Fernando José da S. P. Ribeiro

Abstract

O objetivo deste trabalho é rediscutir a questão da vulnerabilidade externa da economia brasileira à luz da teoria, das novas condições da economia mundial e das transformações ocorridas na economia brasileira neste século, seja no período de crescimento acelerado (até 2010), seja na fase de desaceleração e crise que o seguiu. A partir de uma digressão sobre o comportamento histórico do saldo em transações correntes e de uma breve revisão da literatura teórica e empírica sobre o tema, o trabalho faz uma avaliação do grau de vulnerabilidade externa do país, por meio de um conjunto de variáveis usualmente utilizadas na literatura como indicadores de vulnerabilidade externa. Ressaltam-se duas conclusões principais. A primeira é de que o país se encontra, hoje, em uma situação razoavelmente confortável com relação à vulnerabilidade externa, especialmente em virtude da acumulação de um grande volume de reservas internacionais e de um perfil mais favorável do financiamento externo. Isso tornou-o menos vulnerável a crises cambiais ou a problemas de financiamento externo no curto prazo. A segunda conclusão é de que não houve avanços no sentido de superar problemas estruturais, de forma a mitigar a vulnerabilidade externa de maneira mais perene. Ou seja, ter condições de controlar os ciclos de expansão e retração do saldo em transações correntes, tornando sua trajetória mais equilibrada e compatível com a sustentação de uma taxa de crescimento razoável do produto interno bruto (PIB) no longo prazo. This paper aims to reapproach the external vulnerability of the brazilian economy, based on the the theory and considering the new conditions of the world economy and the transformations that carachterized the Brazilian economy in this century, in the period or rapid growth (until 2010) as well as in the period of deceleration and crisis that followed. Departing from a digression about the historical behavior of the current account balance and from a brief revision of the theoretical and empirical literature concerning the theme, the paper evaluates de degree of external vulnerability of the country through the analisys of a group of variables usually referred in the literature as external vulnerability Two main conclusions are highlighted. First, the country faces, today, a reasonably comfortable situation in terms of external vulnerability, especially due to the accumulation of a huge volume of international reserves and to a more favorable profile of the external financing flows. This made the country less vulnerable to currency crises or to short term problems of external financing. The second conclusion is that there were no advances in overcoming the structural problems with the aim of mitigating the external vulnerability in a more perennial manner, which would mean developing conditions to control the cycles of expansion and contraction of the current account balance, providing a more balanced trajectory and one that were compatible with a reasonable and sustained rate of economic growth in the long term.

Suggested Citation

  • Fernando José da S. P. Ribeiro, 2016. "Reavaliando a Vulnerabilidade Externa da Economia Brasileira," Discussion Papers 2247, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2247
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