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Condicionantes Institucionais ao Investimento em infraestrutura: elaboração, avaliação e seleção de projetos

Author

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  • Rennaly Patricio Sousa
  • Fabiano Mezadre Pompermayer

Abstract

Este trabalho analisa o efeito de deficiências nos processos de elaboração, avaliação e seleção de projetos de investimento em infraestrutura sobre as fases de implantação e operação desses projetos. A metodologia adotada foi identificar boas práticas de elaboração, avaliação e seleções de projetos na literatura e nas experiências internacional e nacional, pública e privada, e daí confrontar com as práticas adotadas nos seis estudos de casos elencados no projeto de pesquisa do Ipea intitulado Condicionantes institucionais ao investimento em infraestrutura. Pelos casos, pode-se observar que quando a tomada de decisão pela execução do projeto foi feita com base em estudos muito preliminares, sem um processo robusto de avaliação e seleção de alternativas e de identificação de riscos, a implantação do projeto sofreu diversos atrasos e aumentos dos custos em relação aos previstos. Em alguns casos, sequer foi possível identificar se havia alguma avaliação formal de benefícios e custos. Apesar do pequeno número de casos estudados, tal conclusão é confirmada pela teoria de gestão de projetos. Entretanto, vale ressaltar que uma melhor elaboração, avaliação e seleção de projetos é condição necessária, mas não suficiente para o sucesso na implementação de projetos de infraestrutura. Foi possível, também, identificar o elevado potencial impacto de incertezas em questões ambientais, de desapropriação, de impactos sociais locais e regionais e de contratação de obras públicas sobre o desempenho dos projetos. This paper analyzes the effect that shortcomings in the processes of “development, evaluation and selection of project” investments in infrastructure produce on the deployment and operation of these projects. The methodology adopted was to identify best practices in project development, evaluation and selection from literature and national and international experience, public and private, and then compare with the practices adopted in the six case studies listed in the research project of Ipea entitled “Institutional constraints to infrastructure investment”. In some cases, it can be observed that when the decision making for the implementation of the project was based on very preliminary studies, without a robust process of evaluation and selection of alternatives and risk identification, the implementation of the project suffered several delays and increases in costs against the expected. In some cases, it was not possible to identify if there was any formal assessment of benefits and costs. Despite the small number of cases studied, this conclusion is confirmed by the project management theory. However, it is noteworthy that a better preparation, evaluation and selection of projects is necessary but not sufficient for success in the implementation of infrastructure projects. It was also possible to identify the high potential impact of uncertainty of issues in environmental, expropriation, local and regional social impacts and contracting of public works on the performance of projects.

Suggested Citation

  • Rennaly Patricio Sousa & Fabiano Mezadre Pompermayer, 2016. "Condicionantes Institucionais ao Investimento em infraestrutura: elaboração, avaliação e seleção de projetos," Discussion Papers 2239, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2239
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