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Ambiente de Negócios, Investimentos e Produtividade

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  • Luiz Ricardo Cavalcante

Abstract

Neste trabalho, estimam-se os coeficientes que relacionam ambiente de negócios, investimentos e produtividade do trabalho com base em um painel de dados referente a 81 países no período entre 2005 e 2011. Regressões em painel com efeitos fixos – que consideram o efeito das variáveis omitidas e, portanto, os aspectos idiossincráticos de cada país invariantes no tempo – são usadas para quantificar os impactos de melhorias no ambiente de negócios sobre os níveis de estoque de capital por trabalhador e, portanto, sobre os investimentos.Em seguida, estimam-se também os impactos dos níveis de estoque de capital por trabalhador sobre a produtividade do trabalho. Com base nos coeficientes obtidos, projeta-se o estoque de capital por trabalhador no Brasil caso o ambiente de negócios em 2011 alcançasse os níveis de um conjunto de países de referência. Em particular, caso o Brasil atingisse, naquele ano, o ambiente de negócios da China – medido de acordo com o Doing Business, publicado pelo Banco Mundial –, seus níveis de investimentos poderiam ser cerca de 15% maiores. A equiparação com países como a Polônia ou a Turquia poderia significar incrementos da ordem de 30% nos níveis de investimentos. Caso o ambiente de negócios no Brasil alcançasse os níveis do México ou do Chile, o incremento percentual dos investimentos chegaria a 45%, correspondente a três vezes a participação dos desembolsos do Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES) na formação bruta de capital fixo (FBCF) em 2014. Os coeficientes estimados indicam ainda que uma elevação de 1,0% no estoque de capital por trabalhador leva a um aumento de cerca de 0,5% na produtividade do trabalho. Embora a manipulação destes números requeira cautela, os valores reafirmam que, ao lado de ações voltadas para o incentivo ao investimento por meio de renúncias fiscais e de créditos subsidiados, a melhoria do ambiente de negócios pode ter um impacto significativo nos níveis de investimentos e na produtividade do trabalho no país. In this work, the coefficients that relate business climate, investments and productivity are estimated based upon a panel of 81 countries in the period between 2005 and 2011. Fixed effects panel regressions (which take into account omitted variables and, as a result, time invariant country idiosyncratic aspects) are used to quantify the impacts of improvements in business climate on the levels of capital stock per worker (and, therefore, on the investments). After that, the impacts of the levels of capital stock per worker on the labor productivity are also estimated. Based upon the calculated coefficients, the capital stock per worker in Brazil was estimated if the country had the business climate levels of a set of reference countries. In particular, if Brazil reached, in 2011, the Chinese business climate (measured according to the World Bank’s Doing Business), an increase of about 15% in its investment levels could be achieved. Matching the Polish or Turkish business climate could increase investments in roughly 30%. Reaching the Mexican or Chilean level would cause an increase of 45% in the investment levels (roughly three times the share of the disbursements of the Brazilian Development Bank in the gross fixed capital formation in the country in 2014). The estimated coefficients indicate that an increase of 1.0% in the capital stock per worker leads to an increase of about 0.5% in the labor productivity. Although these numbers should be used cautiously, they reinforce the perception that, besides tax waivers and subsidized credit, improvements in the business climate may have a significant impact on the investment and labor productivity levels in Brazil.

Suggested Citation

  • Luiz Ricardo Cavalcante, 2015. "Ambiente de Negócios, Investimentos e Produtividade," Discussion Papers 2130, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2130
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