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Operacionalização da Política de Garantia de Preços Mínimos para Produtos da Sociobiodiversidade 2009-2013: há espaço para crescer

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  • João Paulo Viana

Abstract

A Política de Garantia de Preços Mínimos para Produtos da Sociobiodiversidade (PGPMBIO) tem como objetivos reduzir variações na renda dos extrativistas e apoiar a valorização de seus produtos. A operacionalização da PGPMBIO é de responsabilidade da Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento (Conab), a qual determina o preço mínimo para certos produtos oriundos de extrativismo, e paga um benefício correspondente à diferença entre o preço mínimo definido pelo governo e o preço de venda dos produtos, na forma de subsídio. Após quatro anos e meio de execução, a PGMBIO alcançou pouco mais de 12 mil extrativistas em onze estados e 84 municípios, pagando R$ 16,1 milhões em subsídios. Extrativistas da Bahia, do Maranhão e do Amazonas receberam R$ 6,1 milhões (38%), R$ 4,7 milhões (29%) e R$ 2,2 milhões (14%), respectivamente. A Conab alocou no período aproximadamente R$ 64 milhões para o pagamento de subsídios. Entretanto, apenas 25% do montante foram efetivamente executados no pagamento de subsídios para apenas seis dos catorze produtos apoiados pela política. Aproximadamente 38% do valor total foi pago em subsídios para a fibra de piaçava, seguindo-se os pagamentos para amêndoas de babaçu (30%), borracha (27%), castanha-do-brasil (4%) e, por fim, para os frutos de açaí e do pequi, que juntos somaram menos de 1% dos pagamentos. O aperfeiçoamento da PGPMBIO requer que a Conab continue expandindo a carteira de produtos apoiados, bem como atuando junto a parceiros de maneira a expandir o número de extrativistas portadores da Declaração de Aptidão ao Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (DAP) e adotar, no cálculo dos preços mínimos, os custos ambientais dos produtores extrativistas. The Price-Support Policy for Biodiversity Derived Products (PGPMBIO) aims to reduce income variations for extractivists and to support the valorization of their products.In exchange, the extractivists, by using their traditional, reduced impact exploitation techniques, contribute to the conservation and sustainable use of natural resources inside and outside protected areas. The implementation of PGPMBIO is the responsibility of the National Supply Company (Conab), which sets a minimum price for selected products and operationalizes the payment of the benefit, in the form of a subsidy.The benefit corresponds to the difference between sale price of the extractive products and the minimum price set by the government. After four and a half years, the PGPMBIO has reached over 12 thousand extractivists in 11 states and 84 counties, paying R$ 16.1 million in subsidies. Extractivists from Bahia, Maranhão and Amazonas received R$ 6.1 million (38%), R$ 4.7 million (29%) and R$ 2.2 million (14%), respectively. In the period under consideration, Conab allocated approximately R$ 64 million for payment of subsidies. Yet only 25% of this was actually paid out as subsidies for just six of the fourteen products supported by the policy. Approximately 38% of the amount paid was for piassaba fiber; followed by babassu seed (30%), rubber (27%) and Brazil nut (4%), complemented by assai and souari nut, which together accounted for less than 1% of payments. Upgrading PGPMBIO requires that Conab keeps expanding the portfolio of supported products as well as working together with partners in order to increase the number of DAP certified producers; and to adopt, in the calculation of minimum prices, the environmental costs of extractivists.

Suggested Citation

  • João Paulo Viana, 2015. "Operacionalização da Política de Garantia de Preços Mínimos para Produtos da Sociobiodiversidade 2009-2013: há espaço para crescer," Discussion Papers 2104, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2104
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