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Estado, Atores Predominantes e Coalizões para o Desenvolvimento: Brasil e Argentina em perspectiva comparada

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  • Flavio Gaitán
  • Renato Boschi

Abstract

Este trabalho visa analisar o papel das coalizões de governo na formulação de um projeto de desenvolvimento socioeconômico. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que enfoca em que medida a formação de coalizões de apoio a uma plataforma desenvolvimentista é eficiente em formular e implementar políticas públicas sustentáveis no médio e longo prazo de modo a conformar uma agenda nacional de desenvolvimento. A hipótese central é que o processo de desenvolvimento tem uma relação direta com a dimensão institucional, em particular o papel do Estado, das coalizões de governo, das diversas instituições públicas (sobretudo aquelas que tendem a uma coordenação de interesses entre os setores público e privado) e o perfil dos atores estratégicos na formulação e implementação das políticas. Da articulação que se estabelece entre Estado, instituições e atores estratégicos, configuram-se diferentes modalidades ou padrões de desenvolvimento. Definimos coalizão desenvolvimentista como a ação convergente de diferentes atores em torno de uma dinâmica de crescimento (Tanaka, 2012). Incluímos na categoria de ator predominante os empresários, os trabalhadores organizados e a burocracia pública. Todavia, focamos a análise nos dois primeiros: empresários (em particular, dos setores agrário, industrial e financeiro) e trabalhadores. O espaço de articulação de uma coalizão para o desenvolvimento é o campo político, o qual plasma os interesses dos diferentes grupos. A metodologia utilizada consiste na avaliação, com base em fatos estilizados, dos pontos de inflexão dos modelos econômicos e na análise dos posicionamentos (declarações, ações, omissões) das elites estratégicas. This paper aims to analyze the role of government coalitions in the formulation and implementation of a socioeconomic development model. It is a qualitative research that focuses on the extent to which the formation of coalitions to support a developmental platform is efficient in formulating and implementing sustainable public policies in the medium and long term in order to shape a national development agenda. The central hypothesis is that the development process has a direct relationship with the institutional dimension, in particular the role of the State, of government coalitions, of various public institutions (especially those that tend to coordinate interests’ between the public and private sectors) and strategic actors profiles in the formulation and implementation of policies. From the interactions established between State, institutions and strategic players different styles or patterns of development are configured. “Developmental coalitions” is defined as the convergent action of different actors involved in any dynamic of growth and development (Tanaka, 2012). The “strategic actor” category includes business, organized labor and public bureaucracy. However, we focus on business and labor vis-à-vis the political field, which represents the space of articulation of interests of the different strategic actors. The methodological approach consists in the evaluation, based on stylized facts, of the turning points of the economic models (neoliberal and post-neoliberal) and the analysis of positions (statements, actions, exclusions) of strategic elites.

Suggested Citation

  • Flavio Gaitán & Renato Boschi, 2015. "Estado, Atores Predominantes e Coalizões para o Desenvolvimento: Brasil e Argentina em perspectiva comparada," Discussion Papers 2098, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2098
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