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Propostas de Regulamentação do Lobby no Brasil: uma análise comparada

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  • Manoel Leonardo Santos
  • Lucas Cunha

Abstract

As iniciativas de regulamentação do lobby se desenvolveram, em particular nas democracias liberais, em torno de duas grandes questões. A primeira diz respeito às vantagens que os grupos de interesse mais poderosos levam no processo político em relação àqueles que não têm recursos para profissionalizar suas atividades. A segunda refere-se à percepção, amplamente compartilhada, sobre as condutas antiéticas e a influência desproporcional de representantes de interesses privados sobre os agentes públicos quando em interação. Para enfrentar o problema, muitos países que regulamentaram o lobby basearam suas legislações no sentido de apostar na exposição pública (transparência) e no monitoramento (accountability) da atividade de lobby como forma de minimizar esses problemas (Thomas, 2004). Este trabalho verifica em que medida os legisladores brasileiros incorporaram estas questões nas inúmeras tentativas de regulamentação do lobby no país desde 1984. Da análise comparativa entre doze proposições legislativas e da legislação em vigor em nove países, conclui-se que no Brasil conta-se com um rico conjunto de propostas e que, no geral, os legisladores optam por uma regulamentação intermediária, compatível com países com as mesmas características. Por fim, apresentam-se recomendações sobre aspectos relevantes que devem fazer parte do debate, caso o tema receba a atenção necessária para que faça parte da agenda política de reformas. Lobbying regulation initiatives have been developed, especially in liberal democracies, based on two main questions. The first refers to the most powerful interest groups’ advantages in the political process in comparison to others who do not have the necessary resources to professionalize their activities. The second question is about the broadly shared perception about unethical conducts and the uneven power to influence public agents that some private interest representatives have when there is interaction. In order to face the issue, many countries that regulated lobbying activities based their legislations on transparency and accountability as a way of minimizing the problem (Thomas, 2004). This study verifies how Brazilian legislators have absorbed these questions in the many attempts to regulate lobbying activities in the country since 1984. From a comparative analysis of 12 law initiatives and the legislation from 9 countries, we conclude that there is a rich set of propositions in Brazil and that our legislators choose an intermediate regulation, compatible with other countries with similar characteristics. Lastly, this study offers recommendations about relevant aspects of the debate, if the theme receives the necessary attention to be in the political reform agenda.

Suggested Citation

  • Manoel Leonardo Santos & Lucas Cunha, 2015. "Propostas de Regulamentação do Lobby no Brasil: uma análise comparada," Discussion Papers 2094, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2094
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