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Política Social Brasileira: Conquistas e Desafios

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  • Milko Matijascic

Abstract

A trajetória brasileira até 1988 pode ser analisada sob o prisma da seguridade social dinâmica, porque, desde os anos 1930, buscou-se erigir um sistema de proteção social que permitisse promover um aumento da cobertura e uma gestão mais eficiente. A redemocratização deu impulso a uma reestruturação através da Constituição Federal de 1988 e passou a ser influenciada pela universalização do atendimento com foco nos mais necessitados. Os níveis de cobertura e atendimento se elevaram. Em matéria de gestão e qualidade das políticas sociais, os desafios são imensos, com destaque para os serviços sociais, pois as heranças do passado e a fragmentação institucional ainda inibem a renovação e a efetividade. No mais, o modelo que prioriza as transferências em dinheiro em detrimento aos serviços sociais não é o mais efetivo para reduzir as desigualdades, ainda elevadas no Brasil. Since redemocratization in 1985, Brazil’s system of social protection became more focused on the neediest while at the same time emphasizing universal access. In a context of severe inequality, the sub-national units of government played a greater role in reaching the broader population. Yet Brazil’s social protection model favors cash transfers over social services, and reduces inequalities in the context of a highly unequal labor market. Strategies based on cash transfers appear to have reached their limits, because they are not the most effective way to promote equality and generate opportunities, when compared to the outcomes obtained by social service provision. Furthermore, while much progress toward reducing inequality has been achieved, benefits and services continue to fall short of what might be considered a “welfare state” or Dynamic Social Security.

Suggested Citation

  • Milko Matijascic, 2015. "Política Social Brasileira: Conquistas e Desafios," Discussion Papers 2062, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2062
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