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O Deficit Habitacional Intrametropolitano e a Localização de Empreendimentos do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida: Mensurando Possibilidades de Atendimento

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  • Vicente Correia Lima Neto
  • Cleandro Krause
  • Bernardo Alves Furtado

Abstract

Este estudo analisa a produção habitacional do programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (MCMV) para beneficiários na faixa de renda mensal de até R$ 1.600 (faixa I), vis-à-vis o deficit habitacional para a mesma faixa de renda, focalizando cinco regiões metropolitanas (RMs). A localização das unidades habitacionais foi analisada ao longo do tempo, verificando-se, com isso, que há dois períodos de contratação de empreendimentos (primeira e segunda fases do MCMV), com aumento, em geral, da distância desses empreendimentos ao centro metropolitano na segunda fase. A localização das unidades também foi confrontada com a localização do deficit habitacional, utilizando-se um indicador sintético – indicador de aderência global (IA) –, que associa distâncias ao centro, ponderadas pelo número de unidades e pelo quantitativo do deficit, de modo a refletir o grau de ajuste entre as duas grandezas. Desse modo, situações de aproximação e de afastamento entre oferta e deficit habitacional puderam ser verificadas tanto pelo indicador como por análises gráficas complementares, buscando-se ainda motivos para esses comportamentos, associados ao tipo de participação dos municípios na atividade econômica metropolitana e à dinâmica dos movimentos cotidianos de pessoas. Por fim, dadas as limitações do MCMV em prover terrenos bem localizados para a faixa I, sugere-se reforçar a discussão do aspecto locacional do programa, incluindo critérios para o uso de recursos adicionais para essa finalidade, de modo a buscar-se o melhor equacionamento das necessidades habitacionais na escala metropolitana. In this paper we analyze the social housing supply by “Minha Casa Minha Vida” (MCMV) program in Brazil, aimed at low-wage families (earning up to R$ 1,600 per month), as well as the housing shortage (“deficit habitacional”) in a similar wage range. The location of MCMV’s housing estates is analyzed through time in five metropolitan areas. MCMV’ estates have been contracted in two phases, and we find that in the second phase distances between the estates and the metropolitan center have generally increased. Location of estates is also compared to the location of housing shortages, by means of a synthetic indicator – an index of global adherence (IA). This index associates distances to the center, weighted by the number of housing units and by the size of housing shortages, and provides a degree of their adjustment. This way,metropolitan areas show varying degrees of adjustment between supply and demand, and such information is complemented by a graphical analysis of their location. An explanation of each degree of adjustment is searched in the metropolitan dynamics and economy, and in their commuter behaviors. MCMV’s operation has shown difficulty in finding well located and affordable land plots, so we suggest a further discussion of location within the program and the inclusion of criteria for the use of additional resources, in order to get better housing solutions in the metropolitan scale.

Suggested Citation

  • Vicente Correia Lima Neto & Cleandro Krause & Bernardo Alves Furtado, 2015. "O Deficit Habitacional Intrametropolitano e a Localização de Empreendimentos do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida: Mensurando Possibilidades de Atendimento," Discussion Papers 2044, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2044
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