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Capacidade Burocrática no Brasil e na Argentina: Quando a Política Faz a Diferença

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  • Celina Souza

Abstract

Este estudo analisa a capacidade burocrática dos governos federais da Argentina e do Brasil a partir do conceito de capacidade do Estado. Foram investigadas a profissionalização, a qualificação, as regras para promoção e a forma de recrutamento dos servidores. Este Texto para Discussão conclui que, embora a trajetória inicial de constituição do sistema burocrático tenha sido semelhante nos dois países, a forma de recrutamento da burocracia passou a ser diferente após a redemocratização. O Brasil cumpriu os requisitos da autoridade racional-legal weberiana – seleção via concursos competitivos e emprego com estabilidade –, enquanto a Argentina manteve o recrutamento baseado nos laços pessoais e/ou partidários e sem estabilidade. Isto não significa que a burocracia argentina careça de qualidade, mas, sim, que o sistema não cumpre ainda os requisitos weberianos de mérito e estabilidade. Essa diferença é explicada pelas agendas da redemocratização de cada país, que privilegiaram distintas questões. The study analyses bureaucratic capacity in Brazil´s and Argentina´s federal governments by applying the concept of state capacity. To capture the capacity civil servants the study investigated dimensions such as professionalization, qualification, promotion rules, and recruitment mechanisms for entering the civil service. The study shows that although both countries experienced the same trajectory in the early years of the construction of their bureaucratic systems and that access to civil service combined patronage and meritocratic patterns in the early 2000s, however, Brazilian political elites implemented a constitutional mandate determining that access to civil service was conditioned to competitive exams, making the system closer to Weber´s rational-legal authority type. Argentina, in contrast, kept the selection of their civil servants based on personal and political ties. This does not mean that Argentina´s bureaucracy lacks quality but they do not fulfill some of Weber´s requirements such as stability and selection more based on merit rather than patronage. The study argues this difference is explained by different redemocratization agendas.

Suggested Citation

  • Celina Souza, 2015. "Capacidade Burocrática no Brasil e na Argentina: Quando a Política Faz a Diferença," Discussion Papers 2035, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2035
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