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Comércio e Protecionismo em Bens Intermediários

Author

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  • Flavio Lyrio Carneiro

Abstract

Este texto para discussão tem por objetivo analisar a estrutura de proteção tarifária que o Brasil impõe sobre os bens intermediários, examinando sua evolução recente e comparando-a com a de países em desenvolvimento selecionados, de modo a avaliar se a proteção que o Brasil impõe sobre este tipo de bem é mais restritiva que a dos demais. Tanto os dados agregados quanto as diversas desagregações utilizadas permitem concluir que as tarifas brasileiras sobre produtos intermediários são, em geral, consideravelmente mais elevadas que as dos outros países examinados. Além disso, para a maioria dos países, é possível distinguir uma tendência claramente decrescente nestas tarifas, enquanto no Brasil, ao final do período, as tarifas sobre intermediários aumentaram tanto nos dados agregados quanto em cada uma das desagregações adotadas – em todas as categorias de intensidade tecnológica, seções e capítulos. Contudo, a análise realizada sugere que, salvo exceções, as tarifas brasileiras sobre bens intermediários são, em geral, inferiores à média tarifária de todas as categorias de uso. Este fato indica que a proteção elevada aos bens intermediários decorre diretamente da elevada estrutura de proteção tarifária imposta à pauta de importações como um todo, e não de algum viés na estrutura tarifária em direção a este tipo de bem. Ainda assim, a excessiva proteção imposta pelo Brasil à importação de bens intermediários provavelmente prejudica a competitividade internacional da produção brasileira, na medida em que pode onerar a estrutura de custos das empresas, enquanto concorrentes em outros países conseguem adquirir insumos a um custo mais baixo. This study analyses the tariff protection structure that Brazil imposes on intermediate goods, examining its recent development and comparing it with that of selected developing countries, in order to assess whether or not Brazilian protection on this type of products is more restrictive than in other countries. Both the aggregate data and the various breakdowns adopted lead to the conclusion that Brazilian tariffs on intermediate goods are, in general, considerably higher than those of the other countries examined. Furthermore, for most countries, it is possible to distinguish a clear downward trend in these tariffs, while in Brazil, at the end of the period analysed,tariffs on intermediates increased both in aggregate disaggregated data (that is, in all technological intensity categories, sections and chapters). However, the analysis suggests that, with few exceptions, Brazilian tariffs on intermediate goods are generally lower than the aggregate average tariff that includes all use categories. This fact indicates that the high protection imposed on intermediate goods follows directly from high tariff protection structure imposed on imports as a whole, rather than any bias in the tariff structure towards this type of good . Still, the excessive protection imposed by Brazil on imports of intermediate goods likely to affect Brazilian international competitiveness, to the extent that it may adversely affect the cost structure of firms, since competitors in other countries can purchase inputs at a lower cost.

Suggested Citation

  • Flavio Lyrio Carneiro, 2014. "Comércio e Protecionismo em Bens Intermediários," Discussion Papers 2007, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2007
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