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A Agenda Perdida das Compras Públicas: Rumo a Uma Reforma Abrangente da Lei de Licitações e do Arcabouço Institucional

Author

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  • Eduardo Pedral Sampaio Fiuza
  • Bernardo Abreu de Medeiros

Abstract

Promover a eficiência da Administração Pública é, sem sombra de dúvida, um dos maiores desafios da atualidade no Brasil. As dimensões técnica e alocativa da eficiência do Estado passam necessariamente pela eficiência dos órgãos públicos na aquisição dos insumos de suas funções de produção e provisão de bens e serviços públicos à população. Só que, diferentemente das firmas privadas, o Estado normalmente obedece a critérios bem mais rígidos de seleção de fornecedor e de apreçamento de suas compras, pois suas aquisições devem obedecer a critérios de impessoalidade, isonomia e publicidade, e seguir estritas regras legais. A legislação brasileira de licitações completa agora 21 anos e exibe claros sinais de esgotamento: a lei de licitações é demasiado detalhada e está desatualizada em relação às melhores práticas. O arcabouço institucional e o capital humano envolvido também necessitam ser revistos e reforçados. Convidado pelo Senado a contribuir com a reforma desse arcabouço, o Ipea submeteu propostas que aqui são expostas com maior profundidade de análise e melhor fundamentação com base nas teorias e evidências econômicas e num amplo benchmarking internacional de arcabouços institucionais. Elas podem ser resumidas em: i) consolidação das múltiplas leis hoje existentes numa só peça legislativa; ii) criação de agências normatizadora e executiva de compras públicas, com carreiras próprias de perfis adequados e dotadas dos devidos incentivos; iii) transição paulatina da regulamentação dos formatos de licitações e de outras normas para a nova agência normativa. Raising the public administration’s efficiency is, without any doubt, one of the greatest challenges nowadays in Brazil. The State’s technical and allocative efficiency dimensions necessarily require efficiency of public agencies in the acquisition of inputs for their production and supply functions of public goods and services to the population. However, unlike private firms, the State generally follows stricter criteria in selecting suppliers and pricing their purchases, as their purchases must abide to such criteria as impartiality, equality and publicity, and must follow strict legal rules. The Brazilian public procurement legislation is now 21 years old and shows clear signs of exhaustion: the main Public Procurement Act is both too detailed and outdated with respect to the best practices. The institutional framework and human capital involved should also be reviewed and strengthened. Invited by the Brazilian Senate to contribute to the reform of this institutional framework, IPEA submitted proposals that are exposed here in greater depth of analysis and with a better grounding based on sound economic theory and evidence and on a broad international benchmarking of institutional frameworks. They can be summarized as follows: i) consolidation of the multiple laws existing today in one piece of legislation; ii) creation of normative and executive agencies for public procurement, with appropriate personal career profiles and equipped with adequate incentives; iii) gradual transition of the current regulation of bidding formats and other rules to the new normative agency regulations.

Suggested Citation

  • Eduardo Pedral Sampaio Fiuza & Bernardo Abreu de Medeiros, 2014. "A Agenda Perdida das Compras Públicas: Rumo a Uma Reforma Abrangente da Lei de Licitações e do Arcabouço Institucional," Discussion Papers 1990, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:1990
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